141 






v^^ 










,.-' .0 



,-^^' 












.0^ 



. o '^ 









C^ 



c'^ * ^ 






^ /;■' 






'°<, 



/- »?• 



j5 -v 









x^^^. 






aa -^ 






















.<' 



A-!>' 









.^o^ 






f.^.o.> 



-0' -q. 




^ 









^A 




' N O ^ \^ 



.^' 










r f< >* 













o. 







?' >' 



<Sr- 



-bo" 




.0C> . 



* -r^=^*^ .. 



^\.^^ . 



.^' 



^\ .v.«, -/^^ 



% ^-^ 












'r% 



G, H 



-^r. v^^ 



O 







Academic Sorority Badges 



THE 

SORORITY HANDBOOK 



BY 



TWIDA (SHAW MARTIN 



SEVENTH EDITION 



BOSTON 

5 COBDEN STREET 

1921 



\^ 






COPYRIGHTED 

1905, 1907, 1909, 1911, 1914, 1918, 1921 

BY 

IDA SHAW MARTIN 



MAV -3 iq?l 
0)CU614290 



IDA SHAW MARTIN. Publisher 
5 Gobden Street 
Roxbury, Mass. 



PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION 



In general plan the present edition follows that used in 
the six preceding issues. There are a few departures, how- 
ever, that call for special mention. The most important of 
these is the substitution of the word Academic for the word 
Congress in defining those sororities that were built to meet 
the needs of students in the colleges of liberal arts. The de- 
signation previously employed was found to be inadequate, 
since several organizations worthy of representation in the « 
present issue were not members of the National Panhellenic 
Congress. 

The Junior and Professional classifications have been re- 
tained. The word Junior is still used to designate those soror- 
ities that confine their charter grants to Junior, or two-year 
Colleges. In the case of the Professional Sororities the al- 
phabetical arrangement has been followed instead of the sep- 
arate divisions formerly employed. The particular class of 
each, however, has been indicated in parenthesis. It is be- 
lieved that this method of presentation will prove a conveni- 
ence to the reader. 

The admission of many new names to the list of colleges in 
the section given over to statistical data has crowded out sev- 
eral that were formerly featured because of the prominence 
or age of their local Greek-letter societies. The elimination 
of this material made special classification unnecessary. Of 



VI 



Preface 



the one hundred seven colleges listed in this edition there are 
but eight that are for women only,— Adelphi, Brenau, Flor- 
ida, Goucher, Hollins, Hunter, Newcomb and Randolph- 
Macon. 

Ida Shaw Martin.-- /2v A A. 

(Mrs. Wm. Holmes Martin.) 
5 Cobden Street, 
Roxbury, Massachusetts. 
January 1, 1921. 



I CHAPTER I 

The Higher Education of Women 

To the popular mind the higher education of women is 
synonymous with a college education. Strictly speaking the 
term covers a wider field and includes professional as well as 
collegiate training. The college girl is probably quite famil- 
iar with the four types of institutions at which the alumnae 
of secondary schools may continue their education, viz., the 
coeducational college, the independent college, the afifiliated 
college and the coordinate college. 

Coeducation is the popular and prevailing system of col- 
lege education in the United States. About sixty per cent of 
the six hundred colleges in the country are coeducational, 
while there are less than twenty independent colleges of high 
grade, seven affiliated colleges and about the same number of 
coordinate colleges. To understand the reasons for this 
characteristic feature as a well-defined policy in our system 
of education, we must turn back the pages of our country's 
history. 

The close of the Revolution found the American States 
independent, but not united. The country was without a 
head and Congress without power. There was distress and 
discontent on all sides, for business was at a standstill and 
the country was in danger of dropping to pieces. A fortunate 
circumstance at this critical period was the common interest 
that seven of the thirteen states had in the great Northwest 



8 The Higher Education 

Territory. The people were buoyed up by the hope that these 
states would release their claims and by transferring their 
interests to the national government would furnish Congress 
with the means to pay off the war debt. This generosity 
was of far-reaching significance in its influence upon education 
in the Western States. The thirteen original colonies had 
copied closely the educational systems of the Old World, 
particularly those of England. The great Northwest Ter- 
ritory was sparsely settled and education was at best em- 
bryonic. An ordinance passed in 1787 by the Continental 
Congress provided for the government of this vast section and 
specified that there should be a reservation in every town- 
ship for the maintenance of public schools. This was later 
interpreted as providing also for the reservation of lands for 
university endowment. In this way the future of the state 
university was assured. At the time this ordinance was 
passed, however, there was no thought in the minds of the 
legislators that a strong impulse was given to the higher edu- 
cation of women. The daughters of colonial homes were busy 
with baking and brewing, with spinning and weaving, with 
the manifold household duties for which no labor-saving 
devices had yet been invented. Even the daughters of the 
well-to-do had little time or interest for any education save 
such superficial knowledge as might be acquired at the fash- 
ionable finishing school. 

The half century following the Revolution was noteworthy 
for the establishment of district schools and academies, and 
for the awakening of new ideas concerning the education of 
girls. The year 1830, when the first locomotive was built, is 
an epoch-marking date in the history of the United States 



The Higher Education 9 

and no less so in the history of the higher education for women. 
The building of railroads and the consequent growth of cities 
was followed by a great revival in educational interests, re- 
sulting in state supervision and the opening of high and nor- 
mal schools for girls. The years immediately following wit- 
nessed the transfer of many industries from the home to the 
factory and deprived women of their usual occupations, leav- 
ing them a large measure of leisure. 

It is not to conservative New England, so lavish with her 
gifts to her sons, but to pioneer Ohio that we must look for 
the beginning of college education for women. Oberlin Col- 
lege, opened in 1833 as the Oberlin Collegiate Institute, but 
not chartered as a college until 1850, was the first institution 
to offer advanced courses to women as well as men. In 1836 
Mary Lyon secured a charter from the Massachusetts Legis- 
lature for Mount Holyoke Seminary, which though it did not 
pretend to offer collegiate courses yet stood firm for serious 
work and high standards. Wesleyan College, incorporated 
by the Legislature of Georgia and opened in 1839, was the first 
woman's college to receive a charter from any state, and was 
one of a number of schools opened about this same time in the 
South for the higher education of women. Galesburg, 111., is 
worthy of mention as having had enterprise enough to support 
two colleges, Knox and Lombard, both of which admitted 
women practically from the beginning, the former in 1845, 
the latter in 1851. In 1853 Antioch College in Ohio was 
opened under the presidency of Horace Mann and admitted 
men and women on equal terms. Elmira College, established 
in 1855 by the Presbyterian Synod, was the first woman's col- 
lege in the north to receive a charter. The state universities 



■^Q The Higher Education 

of Iowa and Utah, opened respectively in 1847 and 1850, ad- 
mitted women from the first. A few institutions under re- 
ligious control in the Middle West, bearing the name of col- 
lege, but doing work little higher than the best secondary 
schools of the present time, were induced to admit women as 
the result of these experiments. Except, however, in the dis- 
tricts, where the influence of these pioneer schools was felt, 
little marked progress was made. Women were still the slaves 

of tradition. 

Strangely enough it is to the Civil War that we must look 
for the complete emancipation of women educationally. The 
continuous fighting during the four years of the war and the 
consequent drafts upon the Northern states for soldiers 
drained this section of its men and led to the employment of 
women as teachers in the secondary schools. This arrange- 
ment at first considered only temporary, proved to be perma- 
nent and thinking men soon realized that the much debated 
question of higher education for women had become a matter 
of e-xpediency. In this time of immediate need what was more 
natural than that the people should demand that existing col- 
leges hitherto sacred to men should open their doors to women: 
The well-endowed universities made a strong stand agamst 
what they considered an intrusion. They claimed that the) 
did this from a sense of duty to the past, to the founders am 
givers of endowments. The state universities, however, couk 
make no such plea. Their endowments came from state o 
federal government without restriction as to sex, and th 
people failed to see the need of establishing separate college 
for women when the state universities were already in exisl 
ence. Before long their doors, willingly or unwiUinglj 



The Higher Education H 

swung open to maid as well as man,— Kansas in 1866, Indi- 
ana and Wisconsin in 1867, California in 1868, Minnesota, 
Missouri and Nebraska in 1869, Illinois, Michigan and Ohio 
in 1870. The opening of the University of Michigan to women 
was in direct opposition to the wishes of the faculty upon 
demand from the state legislature and is interesting as show- 
ing the sentiment of the people. All state universities or- 
ganized since 1871 have admitted women from the first. 

Conditions in the states along the Atlantic seaboard were 
very different. There were no state universities and the 
famous colleges already established refused to admit women. 
Certain concessions, to be sure, have been made after pro- 
longed agitation, as in the case of Radcliffe, opened as Harvard 
Annex in 1879, incorporated as a college for women in 1894 
and granting its own degrees, where the instruction is given 
by members of the Harvard faculty and the diplomas counter- 
signed by the President of Harvard University as a guarantee 
that the degrees are equivalent to the corresponding degrees 
given by the university; again in the case of Barnard, opened 
in 1889 and incorporated in 1900 as an undergraduate wo- 
man's college of Columbia University, where the instruction 
is given entirely by professors appointed by university trustees 
and assigned to service in Barnard, where the A. B. degree 
is granted by the university and women who have taken their 
first degree are admitted to Columbia on the same terms as 
men, and lastly, in^the case of the Woman's College of Brown 
University, established as a regular department in 1897, 
though women were admitted informally as early as 1892. 
These concessions grudgingly given turned many promising 
young women, who resented this attitude of what they con- 



12 The Higher Education 

sidered selfish monopoly, to the independent colleges for 
women and resulted in the marked and vigorous growth of 
these institutions in the East. Four of these, Vassar, Wells, 
Wellesley and Smith, were chartered within a period of ten 
years, and were soon followed by Bryn Mawr, Goucher and 
Randolph-Macon Woman's College. Mt. Holyoke, Hollins and 
Wheaton grew out of famous seminaries. Rockford College 
in Illinois, opened as a seminary in 1849, chartered as a college 
in 1892, and Mills College in California, opened as a seminary 
in 1865, chartered as a college in 1885, are the only examples 
of independent colleges of A rank for women in the vast sec- 
tion devoted to coeducation. By their smallness they bear 
eloquent testimony to the popular demand for coeducation. 

Newcomb College at New Orleans, opened in 1886 and 
affiliated with Tulane University, but entirely distinct as re- 
gards its location and faculty, and Florida College for Women, 
opened in 1905 as an affiliated college of the state university, 
which had become coeducational in 1888, are examples of the 
old-time Southern prejudice. The abandonment of coeduca- 
tion at Western Reserve University in 1888 after a trial of 
sixteen years and the establishment of a coordinate college 
for women under the university charter resulted from a de- 
cision of the trustees to call the college back to its original 
purpose, to educate men only, a decision which seemed the 
wisest solution of the difficulties growing out of an attempt 
to engraft coeducation upon an institution modeled after New 
England ideas. The decision of the trustees of Wesleyan 
University to limit the number of women admitted in any 
one year to twenty per cent, of the whole number of students 
enrolled in the preceding year and their later acknowledg- 



The Higher Education 13 

ment of defeat when they voted to admit no women after the 
class of 1913, may be taken as another instance of the futility 
of the attempt to introduce coeducation at a New England 
college. The segregation policy of Chicago University, 
adopted by the trustees in October, 1902, whereby separate 
instruction is provided as far as possible for men and women 
during the freshman and sophomore years, was explained at 
the time as due in a large measure to the proximity of the 
university to a great metropolis and the increasing enrolment 
of young women students. The decision of the trustees of 
Leland Stanford, Jr. University to limit the number of wo- 
men students to five hundred at any time is in harmony with 
the founder's purpose. Adelphi College, after sixteen years 
of coeducation, solved its own particular problem in 1912 by 
becoming a woman's college. 

The aim of the trustees of Middlebury College in estab- 
lishing a coordinate institution in 1903 after twenty years of 
coeducation and the complete separation of the two in the 
required work of the first two years is said to be due to a 
desire to make suitable and adequate provision for the culture 
and intellectual training of young women, to enable them to 
enjoy a more distinct social life while in college and to pro- 
vide for them an independent system of honors and prizes. 
The College for Women opened at Bucknell University in 
1905, though at present only a hall of residence, since very 
little instruction is given separately, is nevertheless the begin- 
ning of a definite plan for separation. The system of co- 
ordination in vogue for some years at Colby and the more re- 
cent decision to introduce separation in chapel exercises are 
the first steps toward the establishment of an affiliated col- 



14 



The Higher Education 



lege for women. The opening of Jackson College for women 
in 1910, after an experience of eighteen years with coeduca- 
tion at Tufts, came as no surprise to the college world of New 
England The coordinate college seems to be the accepted 
solution of the vexatious problem of providing collegiate in- 
struction for women in connection with well-established col- 
leges for men. 



CHAPTER II 

The Evolution of the Sorority System 

The year 1776, remarkable in the annals of history as 
witnessing the beginning of a mighty nation through the union 
of thirteen colonies, a union that was to stand preeminently 
for the brotherhood of man, saw also the foundations laid for 
another union, another brotherhood, that, like its prototype, 
was destined to grow into a mighty power. On the fifth of 
December, the Phi Beta Kappa Society was founded at Wil- 
liam and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va. This was the first 
of the secret Greek-letter Societies and therefore the parent 
of the modern fraternity system, which has become so large 
a factor in the college life of the United States. 

The originators of Phi Beta Kappa made early provision 
for charter grants to other colleges, yet nearly half a century 
passed before its roll numbered five chapters and before an- 
other Greek-letter society was founded. Colleges were few 
and scattered, the country in the throes of a great war. The 
colleges established prior to the Revolution were but nine in 
number, Harvard (1636), William and Mary (1693), Yale 
(1701), Princeton (1746), King's, now Columbia (1754), 
Pennsylvania (1757), Rutgers (1763), Brown (1764), and 
Dartmouth (1770). No small proportion of their endowment 
had come from the mother country, but the Declaration of 
Independence naturally put an end to donations from Eng- 
land and crippled the resources of existing colleges. The 



16 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

period of business depression immediately following the close 
of the war, the general instability of the government, the con- 
tinued difficulties with England resulting in the War of 1812, 
were not conducive to ease of mind or educational progress. 

The years from 1821 to 1837, however, found the country 
in a flourishing condition. The United States had demon- 
strated on land and sea its right to be considered a world pow- 
er. Its credit was good, its people prosperous. The tremen- 
dous impulse given to trade and immigration by the use of 
steam as a motive power, the rapid development of the country 
owing to the construction of state roads and artificial water- 
ways, the mighty stimulus afforded public thought by the 
daily appearance of the penny newspaper, the great awaken- 
ing of interest in popular education as a result of the heroic 
labors of Horace Mann in Massachusetts and of Henry Bar- 
nard in New York, had produced a nation that was alert and 
enterprising. It was but natural that these same years of 
peace, prosperity and progress should witness the establish- 
ment of many new colleges as well as a great increase in ma- 
triculation at the older institutions. 

While a college is small it is possible for every student to 
know intimately all the others and to be in close touch with 
the different members of the faculty, but, as the numbers in- 
crease, the personal relation between professor and student is 
eliminated more and more, and the undergraduates are forced 
to find sympathetic companionship in a small group of class- 
mates. So long as a boy is conscious of sympathy and in- 
terest on the part of the family in himself, his hopes, his plans, 
his ambitions, he will seek no further, but the moment he has 
lost faith in those of his own household he will go elsewhere 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 17 

in search of the perfect understanding that his nature craves. 
The American professor is a boy at heart, so he understands 
young men, but the pressure of work is severe both in and out 
of the classroom and there is a Hmit to human possibilities, to 
human endurance. The crowded classroom, the ascetic dor- 
mitory, the cheerless boarding house gave birth to the frater- 
nity. They have given birth to worse impulses, but to no 
better. That the fraternity became a college society instead 
of a more limited organization, that it eventually included 
members from all undergraduate classes instead of being 
restricted to those of one particular year is a tribute to the 
democratic spirit and magnanimity of the American college 
student. 

The need and attractiveness of these organizations is at- 
tested to by the fact that fourteen vigorous fraternities were 
founded at Northern colleges within the next quarter century, 
—Kappa Alpha, 1825, Sigma Phi, 1827, Delta Phi, 1827, all 
three at Union, Alpha Delta Phi, Hamilton, 1832, Psi Upsilon, 
Union, 1833, Delta Upsilon, Williams, 1834, Beta Theta Pi, 
Miami, 1839, Chi Psi, Union, 1841, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Yale, 
1844, Delta Psi, Columbia, 1847, Zeta Psi, New York Univer- 
sity, 1847, Phi Gamma Delta, Jefferson, 1848, Theta Delta Chi, 
Union, 1848, Phi Delta Theta, Miami, 1848. Alpha Sigma 
Phi, Yale, 1845, was also established during this period, but 
did not enter upon a career of extension until rather recently. 
The period from 1850 to the Civil War was an era of insta- 
bility, yet six new fraternites came into existence, four in the 
North and two in the South, — Phi Kappa Sigma, Pennsyl- 
vania, 1850, Phi Kappa Psi, Jefferson, 1852, Chi Phi, Prince- 
ton, 1854, which lays claim to being a revival of a similarly 



18 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

named society established at the same college thirty years be- 
fore, Sigma Chi, Miami, 1855, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Alabama, 
1856, Delta Tau Delta, Bethany, 1859. The five years im- 
mediately following the close of the Civil War are remarkable 
as giving birth to five fraternities and those all founded in 
Virginia, — Alpha Tau Omega, Virginia Military Institute, 
1865, Kappa Alpha (Southern Order), Washington and Lee, 
1865, Pi Kappa Alpha, University of Virginia, 1868, Sigma 
Nu, Virginia Alilitary Institute, 1869, Kappa Sigma, Univer- 
sity of Virginia, 1869. These twenty-five fraternities, to- 
gether with one other. Phi Sigma Kappa, founded at the 
Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1873, had the field 
practically to themselves for more than thirty years, but the 
twentieth century has given evidence of renewed activity in 
founding fraternities, for the first two decades witnessed the 
birth of several vigorous orders. 

When opportunities for collegiate training became a possi- 
bilty for women, it was but natural, especially in the coedu- 
cational institutions, that college girls should be anxious to 
enjoy the manifest advantages that membership in the men's 
organizations secured. It was not surprising, then, to find 
that one-third of the existing sororities were founded at co- 
educational colleges within three years after the admission of 
women. The first secret society for women, so far as is known, 
was the Adelphean, founded at Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga., 
in 1851, which changed its name in 1905 to Alpha Delta Phi, 
and again in 1913 to Alpha Delta Pi. A similar sorority, es- 
tablished in 1852 as the Philomathean, became Phi Mu and a 
national in 1904. Though these two societies were suspended 
for a few years during the Civil War, owing to the closing of 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 19 

the institution, both were kept aHve through the efforts of 
resident members. Another society, founded in 1856, and in- 
teresting historically as probably the first one composed of 
women to bear a Greek name, was Chi Theta Delta, which 
existed for several years at the Troy Female Seminary, and 
which was instituted by delegations from the Rensselaer and 
Union chapters of Theta Delta Chi. The first national soror- 
ity was the I. C. Sorosis, founded at Monmouth College in 
1867, and known since 1888 as Pi Beta Phi. The first soror- 
ity to bear a Greek name was Kappa Alpha Theta, founded 
at De Pauw University in 1870. The establishment of Kappa 
Kappa Gamma in this same year at Monmouth College, of Al- 
pha Phi at Syracuse University in 1872, of Delta Gamma at 
Louis Institute, — a boarding school for girls at Oxford, Miss., 
the seat of the State University, in January, 1874, of Gamma 
Phi Beta at Syracuse University and of Sigma Kappa at Colby 
College in November of that same year, shows how simul- 
taneous and spontaneous was the development of the frater- 
nity idea among college women in different sections of the 
country. There is no doubt that numerous similar organiza- 
tions existed in other colleges, for sorority records show a 
number of instances where such societies applied for charters 
and became enrolled as chapters of the more vigorous orders. 
The phenomenal growth of the latter and the rise of the more 
recent sororities can be readily accounted for by the rapid 
increase in matriculation. 

Of the nine Greek-letter societies established prior to 
1880 and in existence today, all have established chapters, but 
only four, the I. C. Sorosis, Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kap- 
pa Gamma and Delta Gamma were anything more than local 



20 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

organizations at that date. Alpha Phi established its second 
chapter at Northwestern in 1881, Gamma Phi Beta its second 
at the University of Michigan in 1882. Sigma Kappa waited 
nearly thirty years before granting its first charter. Alpha Delta 
Pi and Phi Mu remained locals for more than half a century. 
The fact that barely twenty chapters established between 
1870 and 1880 have had an unbroken existence is a striking 
proof of the general disfavor with which the higher education 
of women was regarded in its experimental stage. The es- 
tablishment of sixty-three vigorous chapters during the next 
decade shows conclusively that the experiment was a success 
and that the sorority idea was becoming firmly entrenched. 
The granting of sixty charters to college petitioners between 
1890 and 1900 bears testimony to the growing popularity of 
collegiate training for women. The fact that over two hun- 
dred college chapters were established between 1900 and 1910, 
and that the following decade witnessed the establishment of 
almost four hundred, would indicate that the twentieth cen- 
tury is extending the heartiest kind of welcome to the sorority 
as well as to the college girl. 

An interesting phase in the evolution of the system, and 
one that has come about quite naturally as a result of a grow- 
ing popular interest in higher education, has been the found- 
ing of sororities for women enrolled in special university de- 
partments. Though by no means affecting such large num- 
bers of matriculates, they are solving the same problems that 
confront the academic sororities, especially along the line of 
providing opportunities for the growth of congenial friend- 
ships. The simple social life that these organizations make 
possible is a great boon to those who are in a measure shut 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 21 

out from active participation in the general college life that 
centers about the academic departments of the large uni- 
versities. 

Standards 

The Inter-Sorority Conference of 1905 defined a national 
sorority as one having at least five chapters, all of them at 
institutions of collegiate rank. No definition of "collegiate 
rank" was attempted by the Conference and indeed there is 
no organization whose decision could be taken as official and 
final. Inasmuch as the United States exercises no federal con- 
trol over the schools of the country, there is no national system 
of education and no national board of education to determine 
what particular kind or amount of work shall constitute a col- 
lege or university. In the Annual Reports of the Department 
of the Interior, the United States Commissioner of Education 
groups all universities, colleges and technological schools, 
without any attempt at classification. There is much interest- 
ing information to be gleaned from these reports concerning 
"the valuation of the real estate and apparatus of the different 
colleges and concerning the registration and faculty, but little 
to show that some of the six hundred are doing higher grade 
work than others. It is left to the student of college data 
to make his own deductions and the most natural inference 
is that a large endowment, a large corps of professors, a large 
registration, mean high standards, but conclusions from these 
premises alone are not necessarily correct. 

In 1911, to be sure, a sincere effort was made by the United 
States Bureau of Education to give the public some idea of 
the relative standing of the various colleges on its list. Four 



22 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

tentative groups were made, following a decision based on 
equipment, and on the amount, quality and kind of work 
done. The classification, however, called forth such a storm 
of opposition from faculties and trustees, whose institutions 
were rated lower than they deemed fair, that the plan had to 
be abandoned. The Bureau has since announced that for the 
present the classification of educational institutions has been 
suspended. For some time at least it will still devolve, as 
in the past, upon privately organized associations to set the 
collegiate standards for the country. 

One organization that has done much to determine what 
the bachelor's degree should stand for is the Association of 
Collegiate Alumnae. This was founded at Boston in Novem- 
ber, 1881, by seventeen college women, representing eight col- 
leges, in the hope of uniting the alumnae of different institu- 
tions for practical educational work. Later by reason of the 
limitations placed upon admission, it came to be recognized 
as a power in the maintenance of high standards of education. 
No college applying for membership in the body corporate 
is examined unless it has fifty women graduates and an en- 
dowment of $500,000. A preparatory department under the 
government or instruction of the college faculty is also a bar. 
Great stress is laid upon the educational qualifications of the 
corps of instruction, the average available income and the 
value of the equipment of the institution for the work it under- 
takes. Through rigid requirements for admission to its honor 
roll of colleges and universities the Association of Collegiate 
Alumnae has done much toward helping to raise and broaden 
collegiate standards in matters of endowment, equipment, 
course of study, faculties and salaries. 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 23 

A similar organization, founded at Knoxville, Tenn., in 
1903, is the Southern Association of College Women, which 
was an outgrowth of the clubs of Southern girls in Northern 
colleges. Its object is ''to unite college women in the South 
for the promotion of higher education for women ; to raise the 
standard of education for women; to develop preparatory 
schools and to define the line of demarcation between prepara- 
tory schools and colleges.'' The corporate members are all 
colleges recognized by the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, 
the Carnegie Foundation, and the Association of Colleges and 
Secondary Schools of the Southern States. 

Another agency that is making for uniform standards is 
the honorary society. A charter grant from Phi Beta Kappa 
means that the institution receiving it has met the require- 
ments as to organization, equipment, financial standing, fac- 
ulty, enrolment, curriculum and entrance examinations de- 
manded by a body of men who are well qualified by training 
and experience to decide what the word college should mean. 
It does not always follow, however, that a college is below 
grade because it has no chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. It is only 
recently that this honorary society began to become really 
representative, and some well-known colleges have not 
awakened to the need or meaning of a charter grant. 

By far the most potent factor in the standardizing move- 
ment during the later years, and one that is being recognized 
by the sororities as particularly authoritative when the ques- 
tion of standards is under discussion, is the Carnegie Founda- 
tion for the Advancement of Teaching. On April 16, 1905, 
Mr. Andrew Carnegie gave $10,000,000, the income from 
which is to be applied to the payment of retiring allowances to 



24 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

professors and officers of universities, colleges and technical 
schools in the United States, Canada and Newfoundland. The 
donor's original idea was to limit the benefits to undenomina- 
tional and non-tax-supported institutions. On March 31, 1906, 
however, Mr. Carnegie gave an additional $5,000,000, so as to 
include state and provincial colleges, where the application is 
approved by the governor and the legislature. The rules of the 
Foundation require that an institution to be entitled to the 
privileges of the retiring-allowance system must possess a 
revenue sufficient to guarantee stability, must maintain ade- 
quately organized collegiate departments and must require for 
admission enough training to insure real college work in the 
freshman class, namely fourteen units, a unit being defined as 
representing a year's study in a secondary school and consti- 
tuting approximately a quarter of a full year's work. The 
Foundation believes that no college can maintain fair educa- 
tional standards on an endowment less than $200,000. 

Another powerful force in the educational uplift and in 
the standardizing of all kinds of institutions is the General 
Education Board, chartered by Congress, January 12, 1903, 
following the offer of $1,000,000 by Mr. John D. Rockefeller 
in 1902, its object being ''the promotion of education within 
the United States of America, without distinction of race, sex 
or creed." In 1905, Mr. Rockefeller gave the sum of $10,000,- 
000 as a permanent endowment for the purposes of the Board, 
and two years later added $32,000,000, one-third of which 
went into the permanent endowment fund. In 1920 Mr. 
Rockefeller increased the resources of the Board to the ex- 
tent of $70,000,000, giving a fund of $50,000,000 to be used in 
assisting colleges and universities to increase teachers' sal- 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 25 

aries, and the sum of $20,000,000 for the improvement of med- 
cal education. One of the principal objects for which the income 
is expended is the increasing of the endowments of universi- 
ties and colleges, the custom being to offer a certain number 
of thousands on condition that the institution raise a very much 
larger sum within a short period of time. The Board employs 
a force of experts in a systematic study of educational condi- 
tions and is thus enabled to use wisely the funds which have 
been placed at its disposal. The many ''whirlwind" campaigns 
that have followed offers from the Board have been the in- 
spiration that has raised a number of mediocre colleges to 
recognized rank and has made possible their presence on the 
rolls of the oldest and proudest sororities. 

Another organization that has done much to stimulate in- 
dependent self-activity through local initiative is the Southern 
Education Board, which began active work in January, 1902, 
and whose educational campaign has awakened the people in 
the vast section in which it operates to the need of adopting 
sound, constructive educational policies. No one that has 
watched the change that has come over the face of Southern 
education within the last two decades could be blind to the 
splendid work of this Board, which has given a distinct tone to 
all grades of education, from the lowest to the highest. The 
General Education Board has been of incalculable aid to the 
Southern Education Board in its efforts at uplift. Together 
they have worked for a finer spirit of nationalism, and the 
results are a splendid testimony to their success. The rapid 
growth of the many Southern sororities and the granting of 
numerous charters by strong Northern orders to institutions 
in the South give unmistakable proof of the improved collegi- 



26 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

ate standards in a section that has been regarded for many 
years as the special home of the ''finishing school/' 

Government 

The supreme governing body of the sororities is the Na- 
tional Convention, which in most cases meets biennially. In 
order, however, that important questions requiring immediate 
decision may receive attention during the interim, it is custo- 
mary for the sororities to place a certain amount of legislative, 
judicial and executive powxr in the hands of a few members 
who are responsible to the succeeding conventions for their 
acts and who constitute what is known as the Grand Council, 
the Executive Committee, or the Grand Chapter, as the case 
may be. The number of members elected for this purpose 
differs somewhat in the different sororities, but a President, 
a Vice-President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and, where a mag- 
azine is published, an Editor, are always found among the of- 
ficers. These five officers are usually sufficient for a small 
sorority, but where the chapter roll numbers more than twenty, 
the task of welding so many separate units into an harmonious 
whole becomes a serious problem. Hence it has come to pass 
that the older and larger sororities have found it necessary 
to create new offices, in order that no member of the executive 
staff may have more work than she can accomplish satisfac- 
torily, and in order that every phase of fraternity development 
may receive its due share of attention. The sororities are 
tending more and more toward retaining for longer periods 
than the usual interim of two years between conventions, 
those officers who show special ability along certain lines. 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 27 

Publications 

The publications of the sororities are of two kinds, those 
that may be seen by the uninitiated and those issued for 
members only. To the first class belong the magazines, the 
catalogues or directories, the songbooks, the histories and the 
calendars. Among the secret issues are the constitutions, 
convention reports, bulletins and rituals. 

The magazines are usually quarterlies and devote most 
of their space to reports from chapters and personals about 
alumnae. Under the head of Exchanges each editor en- 
deavors to keep her subscribers informed of all that is passing 
in the fraternity world. The years between 1870 and 1880 
are noteworthy as marking the period during which a great 
impulse was given to fraternity journalism by the publication 
of magazines by many of the men's orders. The sororities 
were quick to see the advantages that such issues had and 
the next decade saw five in the field, — The Golden Key of 
Kappa Kappa Gamma in 1882, The Anchora of Delta Gamma 
in 1884, The Arrow of Pi Beta Phi, The Kappa Alpha Theta 
in 1885, and The Alpha Phi Quarterly in 1888. Delta Delta 
Delta followed with The Trident in 1891, Alpha Chi Omega 
with The Lyre in 1894, and Chi Omega with The Eleusis in 
1899. Succeeding years have brought out The Crescent of 
Gamma Phi Beta, The Alpha Xi Delta, Themis of Zeta Tau 
Alpha, The Angelos of Kappa Delta, The Triangle of Sigma 
Sigma Sigma, To Dragma of Alpha Omicron Pi, Mu Phi 
Epsilon Quarterly, The Beta Sigma Omicron, The Triangle 
of Sigma Kappa, The Adelphean of Alpha Delta Pi, The 
Parchment of Sigma Iota Chi, The Agalia of Phi Mu, The 



28 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

Adamas of Eta Upsilon Gamma, The Lamp of Delta Zeta, The 
Phoenix of Alpha Sigma Alpha, The Shield of Delta Sigma 
Epsilon, The Laurel of Pi Kappa Sigma. One of the most 
significant movements of the last few years has been the or- 
ganized effort, on the part of fraternities and sororities, to 
provide for the endowment of the magazine. 

Catalogues, or directories, have always been found very 
useful and have been issued with more or less frequency by 
all the sororities. The simple ones give merely the names 
and addresses of the members, but it is usual to find them 
well supplied with valuable historical data, the location and 
time of founding of each active and alumnae chapter, lists 
of present and past grand officers, chapter officers and sta- 
tistical reports. All sororities find it a somewhat difficult task 
to compile their directories, and as an aid to the work have 
established card catalogues. The cards are sent out periodi- 
cally with the request that the members return them to the 
cataloguer after answering the printed questions. It is pos- 
sible in this way to secure promptly a great deal of accurate 
information, much of which is of permanent value. 

Songbooks have been published by nearly all the sororities, 
and most of them are handsome volumes, filled with bright 
music and spirited poems, many of which possess distinct 
literary merit. 

All the sororities of prominence have established archives 
and the majority of them have an officer whose duty it is to 
collect and arrange historical data. Whenever historical mat- 
ter has been given to the public it has usually appeared in 
some issue of the magazine, which is known henceforth as the 
Historical Number. Kappa Kappa Gamma issued a small 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 29 

pamphlet in 1903 for the use of its members and for distrib- 
ution among its friends. The history of Delta Delta Delta, 
brought out in 1907, was the first and remained the only elab- 
orate attempt in book form until 1909, when Chi Omega 
pubHshed a very attractive manual. Kappa Alpha Theta fol- 
lowed with an interesting brochure in 1911 and Alpha Chi 
Omega with an exhaustive volume in 1912, which was re- 
vised in 1917. 

Constitutions, Convention Reports, Secret Bulletins and 
Rituals are not supposed to fall into the hands of any one 
who is not a member, so little is known of them by outsiders. 
It is not unusual, however, for members of different sororities, 
especially when friends or relatives, to discuss the common 
problems that confront the different organizations. In this 
way it is possible for those who are deeply interested in the 
advancement of the sorority idea to secure a very fair knowl- 
edge of the policies and regulations of the various organiza- 
tions as laid down in the different constitutions. 

Convention Reports are not guarded with any great care, 
and on many occasions very important decisions have been 
made public through discussions in the magazines. From the 
historical numbers one may glean information concerning the 
successive steps in all the great movements and changes of 
policies. The older and larger a sorority becomes, the more 
likely it is to discuss freely and publish widely much of what it 
actually has done, what it is doing, and what it expects to do. 
The system of exchanging magazines, first advocated publicly 
in Boston in 1891, practised occasionally before that time by 
broadminded, progressive editors, and in general vogue at the 



30 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

present day, has done much to develop a marked similarity 
in general policies. 

Secret Bulletins have been found very convenient by many 
sororities, particularly the larger ones, for the amount of rou- 
tine correspondence is appalling where any attempt is made to 
secure marked intensive growth in a long roll of chapters. 
Secret issues afford great relief to overworked officials, place 
matter demanding immediate attention before all the chapters 
at the same time and create a reference library that is of in- 
calculable benefit to the chapters themselves. To Chi Omega 
belongs the honor of issuing the first secret sorority magazine. 
Its Mystagogiie appeared in 1905. Delta Delta Delta was a 
close second with its quarterly Triton in 1906 and elaborated 
the idea still further by starting a secret annual, called The 
Trireme, in 1908, supplementing these somewhat later with a 
monthly Triglyph and a weekly Triad. Phi Mu started its 
annual, now called The Philomathean^ in 1907 and began its 
quarterly. To Sakos, in 1912. Alpha Chi Omega brought out 
its annual Heraeum in 1911 and two years later its monthly 
Argolid. Other private issues are Kappa Alpha Theta's Bi- 
monthly, 1911, Kappa Delta's Ta Takta, 1911, Alpha Gamma 
Delta's To Skiouros, 1913, Beta Sigma Omicron's Lamp, 1913, 
Alpha Delta Pi's Adelphean Chronicle, 1915, Alpha Xi Delta's 
Quill, 1915. Pi Beta Phi publishes one issue of its quarterly 
Arrow for members only. 

Alumnae Associations 

The movement to keep the alumnae in close touch with 
the active work of the sorority and to provide congenial asso- 



p 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 31 



ciations for them is one of the more recent ideas that make 
for intensive growth. The prestige and dignity given by a 
strong body of alumnae, in addition to the financial backing 
afforded, will more than repay any society for the labor ex- 
pended in looking out for the interests of the ex-collegio mem- 
bers. Strange to say, these numerous advantages were not 
recognized by the oldest sororities very early in their careers. 

Pi Beta Phi was the pioneer in establishing alumnae asso- 
ciations, but its first graduate chapter was not formed until 
1881. For ten years these bodies had all the privileges of ac- 
tive chapters save that of initiation. In 1892 the Alumnae 
Association was organized under a constitution of its own, and 
was given the right to hold conventions at the same time and 
place as the active chapters. In 1901 a marked change in 
policy was made and the entire work along this line was given 
over to the Grand Vice-President. Alumnae clubs may send 
representatives to the convention if they choose, but, though 
these delegates have the right to the floor in the general ses- 
sions, they have no vote save through the Alumnae Depart- 
ment's one representative, who is whenever possible the Alum- 
nae Editor of the Arrow. In special sessions of their own 
these alumnae representatives may legislate on all matters of 
interest to the alumnae clubs. 

Other sororities, however, did not copy the idea immedi- 
ately, probably because conditions were not favorable to its 
dissemination. The magazine was in embryo, exchanges un- 
known. Alpha Phi was the first to follow by the establish- 
ment of two alumnae chapters in 1889, but it has never per- 
mitted any association to exist that is not the direct out- 



32 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

growth of an active chapter. Each is given representation 
in the national convention. 

Delta Delta Delta was the first sorority to provide at its 
very inception for the organization of Alliances, as it terms 
its alumnae associations. It is unique in having a special 
constitution for them and a special ritual, by taking which 
graduates become eligible to membership in an Alliance. The 
first was formed in August, 1892. For a number of years 
only graduates were permitted to take the higher degree, but 
the convention of 1900 modified this policy somewhat, so that 
it is now possible for a non-graduate member to become as- 
sociated with an Alliance. Provision is made at the national 
convention for. an Alliance session and for representation m 
the undergraduate section as well. The Convention of 1906 
provided for a special officer who has charge of all matters 
pertaining to the Alliances. The Convention of 1910 arranged 
for the formation of alumnae clubs, these same to be without 
voting privileges or other benefits of the regular Alliances. 

Kappa Kappa Gamma leaders recognized the desirability 
of alumnae associations as early as 1887, and agitated the mat- 
ter vigorously in their magazine, but the idea received no en- 
couragement from the active membership. A group of Chi- 
cago alumnae, who were in charge of the sorority's exhibit 
for the World's Fair, petitioned the Convention of 1892 for 
a charter. After prolonged and heated discussion the vote was 
finally carried, but as the alumnae found the requirements of 
a chapter burdensome they returned their charter in 1896. 
A few other associations and clubs were organized after this, 
but it was not until the Convention of 1902 that this sorority 
as a whole recognized the need or importance of providing 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 



33 



for its alumnae. At that time the work was put into the 
hands of the officers' deputies, and the growth has been phe- 
nomenal. At the Convention of 1906 a national organization 
of the alumnae association was effected under the control of 
three special officers, who serve as president, secretary and 
treasurer. One whole day is given over to the associations at 
convention for the transaction of business of special interest 
to alumnae. 

Gamma Phi Beta organized its first group of alumnae in 
December, 1892, and has always given the associations all the 
privileges of the active chapters. 

Kappa Alpha Theta made no formal provision for alumnae 
associations prior to the Convention of 1893, but in that year 
it organized the Alpha Alumnae at Greencastle, Ind. The 
associations are named alphabetically in order of founding re- 
gardless of location, so, except in the case of the first, the 
names of the associations are different from the active chap- 
ters with which they are allied, a method that seems a trifle 
confusing when it is customary to name the groups from the 
cities in which they are located or from the chapters with 
which they are affiliated. 

Delta Gamma granted its first charter to alumnae in 1895 
and until 1903 this was the only alumnae chapter. The 
sorority has made provisions for two kinds of groups, alumnae 
chapters and alumnae associations, the former possessing a 
charter, paying dues and having a vote in convention. 

Chi Omega established its first alumnae chapter in 1900. 
ft gives a vote to every alumna attending convention. Char- 
:ers are granted to alumnae chapters on practically the same 



34 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

conditions as those to college petitioners and examinations 
are required of them as of the active chapters. 

Chapter Houses 

The chapter house movement among sororities came about 
quite naturally, because at many colleges the houses of the 
men's fraternities were a conspicuous feature of the student 
life. Many faculties have fostered the development of the 
fraternity house idea because it relieved them of the necessity 
of providing accommodations for a large number of students, 
and, to a certain extent, of the supervision of the inmates, but 
not all have been ready to accord the same privileges to the 
sorority girls, and dormitory life or residence with relatives 
is still insisted upon at certain universities. The city univer- 
sity, drawing its material largely from the immediate environs, 
ofifers but little or no opportunity for the sorority house, though 
it is not unusual for chapters at such colleges to have rooms 
which provide ample opportunities for spending a quiet hour 
in rest or study, passing the night after some college function, 
or offering informal entertainment to members or friends. 

Alpha Phi took the initiative in 1886 when it erected ai 
chapter house at Syracuse. Other sorority chapters were 
quick to see the advantages of such a course, and many now 
have homes which they own wholly or in part. 

Panhellenism 

The Panhellenic movement dates back to the time when 
the Boston University chapter of Kappa Kappa Gamma se- 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 35 

cured permission from the convention assembled at Blooming- 
ton, Ind., August, 1890, to invite the other sororities to meet 
in convention at Boston. The proposed work, as set forth in 
The Key, was to be that of recommendation only, the reports 
to be adopted or rejected as each sorority should decide. An 
attempt, however, was to be made, 'To secure (1) uniform- 
ity of inter- fraternity courtesy, (2) cooperation in purchasing 
fraternity jewelry and stationery for purposes of increased 
security and cheapness, (3) a practical Panhellenic plan for 
the World's Fair, (4) uniformity in the dates of the frater- 
nity publications, (5) inter-chapter cooperation and etiquette." 
A careful reading of the report of that first inter-sorority 
convention, which is given verbatim in practically all sorority 
magazines of that time, will show how earnest and enthusiastic 
were the Panhellenic pioneers and how much might have been 
accomplished had the work continued without interruption. 
The probable reason for the failure of a movement so auspi- 
ciously begun may be found in the fact that there was no city 
at which representatives from all the sororities could meet 
conveniently. Though the value of the work accomplished 
appealed to all, the expense incidental to providing entertain- 
ment for the official delegates during such a session probably 
deterred other sororities from extending a like invitation. 

The Congress of Fraternities 

Beginning in the spring of 1892, representatives appointed 
by all the sororities and by many of the fraternities held 
monthly meetings in Chicago for the purpose of securing space 
and arranging a fraternity exhibit at the World's Columbian 



36 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

Exposition of 1893. All the sororities were heartily in favor 
of the idea, but as only half of the fraternities took any active 
interest in the matter, the unique and interesting plan of the 
Panhellenic Committee had to be abandoned. A fraternity 
congress was substituted with one half day given to the fra- 
ternities, another half day to the Greek Press, and a third half 
day to the sororities. Although the meetings themselves were 
most inspiring and hundreds of fraternity members were 
present at the social gatherings, little of real or permanent 
value was accomplished, though for some months afterwards 
the dififerent magazines gave considerable space to the dis- 
cussion of the advantages of Panhellenism. The time, how- 
ever, was not yet ripe for any concerted action and the matter 
languished after the first flush of enthusiasm had passed. 

The Inter-Sorority Conferences 

It was to Mrs. Margaret Mason Whitney, Michigan, '95- 
'97, Grand President of Alpha Phi, 1900-'02, that the inspira- 
tion came to reopen the agitation for a saner dealing with the 
problem of rushing. As a result of her correspondence with 
the presidents of six other leading sororities, it was learned 
that the grand presidents of Kappa Kappa Gamma and Delta 
Delta Delta had been conferring upon this very subject, and 
that the Chicago Alumnae of Kappa Alpha Theta had placed 
a petition before the Grand Council asking that the sororities < 
be invited to consider some means of reform in rushing. 
With such a general sentiment in favor of correcting evils; 
and securing hearty cooperation along various lines of en-- 
deavor, Mrs. Whitney was encouraged to call the first Inter- 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 37 

Sorority Conference, which met in Chicago, May 24, 1902, 
and which was the beginning of annual meetings presided 
over by each sorority in turn in the order of founding. 

The first Inter-Sorority Conference, composed of dele- 
gates from Pi Beta Phi, Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kappa 
Gamma, Alpha Phi, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta and 
Delta Delta Delta, tried to establish a basis for future opera- 
tions by submitting a set of motions of which it approved to 
the different sororities represented in the Conference. Al- 
though the meeting did not result in any inter-sorority com- 
pact, since all the sororities were not unanimously in favor 
of the recommendations submitted, yet much advance was 
made in providing for annual conferences. 

The Conference of 1903 suggested the formation of Pan- 
hellenic Associations at every college where two or more na- 
tional sororities existed, and urged sorority girls to take an 
active part in such college organizations as were intended for 
the good of all. Of four recommendations submitted to the 
sororities, two were unanimously accepted during the succeed- 
ing year, and so the first definite gain was made in an agree- 
ment not to pledge prior to matriculation. 

The Conference of 1904 decided upon the order of rota- 
tion in office. It defined the purpose of College Panhellenics, 
and directed the sororities to insist that these organizations 
should not merely promote good feeling and social intercourse, 
but that they should make earnest efforts to improve standards 
and remove evils. The Conference also took up the problem 
of social service, recommended the establishment of women's 
leagues, made preparations to form a Bureau of Comparative 
Legislation, and raised the question of the advisability of ask- 



38 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

ing that Deans of Women be appointed in all coeducational 
colleges. 

The Conference of 1905 defined a national sorority as one 
having at least five chapters, all at institutions of collegiate 
rank. In addition to the great advance made by the Confer- 
ence in adopting tentatively a constitution and thus determin- 
ing its own powers, it provided for the drafting of a model 
constitution for women's leagues. 

The Conference of 1906 remodelled the constitution of 
1905, which had failed to pass two Grand Presidents. It 
showed renewed interest and activity in furthering the social 
service work and a desire to cooperate with Deans of Women 
in the amelioration of social evils. To secure greater unity in 
the Panhellenic work of the colleges, a model constitution for 
College Panhellenics was approved and ordered printed for 
distribution and arrangements made to intensify the interest 
through the efforts of the visiting delegates. High school 
sororities were condemned, and the Conference put itself on 
record as proposing to use all its influence to have them dis- 
countenanced. An investigation of the laws of each state 
concerning the making and wearing of badges by unauthor- 
ized persons was instituted. 

The Conference of 1907 reported marked progress along 
the line of social service and in the work of the College Pan- 
hellenics. It laid special stress upon the need of securing the co- 
operation of alumnae and put itself on record as favoring a 
late pledge day. 

The Conference of 1908 made an urgent plea for definite 
scholarship attainment as a qualification for sorority member- 
ship. It suggested the organization of resident alumnae in 



i 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 39 

the case of every college and changed the name of the associa- 
tion to that of National Panhellenic Conference. 

The Conference of 1909 provided for the annual appoint- 
ment of a committee on extension, to which should be referred 
all petitions for admission. It also arranged through com- 
mittees for reports on college facilities for student social af- 
fairs and on scholarship standards in the Conference soror- 
ities. The Conference deplored its lack of legislative power 
and the delay and inconvenience to all concerned caused by 
the necessity for referring back to the sororities even insig- 
nificant details. 

The Conference of 1910 voted to request the sororities to 
vest in their delegates such limited legislative power as the 
Conference may deem necessary to make its action effective. 
The Committee on Extension was given authority to define 
and enforce the standard for admission. The Conference 
recommended that every effort be made to encourage scholar- 
ship among sorority women, that the sponsor system be in- 
augurated in all chapters, that chaperons be salaried and that 
they be given unlimited authority to enforce rules for the 
common good. 

The Conference of 1911, following the granting of limited 
legislative powers by the various sororities represented there- 
in, adopted a constitution and changed the name of the organ- 
ization to the National Panhellenic Congress. The powers 
were defined as five- fold: — (1) to make laws that pertain to 
its own government, (2) to admit at its discretion petitioning 
sororities, (3) to levy annual dues, (4) to make final settle- 
ment of College Panhellenic difficulties, (5) to have advisory 
power over College Panhellenics. The government between 



40 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

sessions was placed in the hands of an executive committee 
of three, to serve as chairman, secretary and treasurer. Pro- 
vision was made for the issue of quarterly bulletins. 

The Inter-Sorority Congresses 

The Congress of 1912 reported an unusually auspicious 
growth of the Panhellenic movement, and provided for still 
greater extension of the idea by bringing City Panhellenics 
into close touch with the work and ambitions of the Congress. 
The number of officers was increased from three to four by 
the election of an historian to serve for five years. The Con- 
gress went on record as heartily disapproving high school 
fraternities. A feature preliminary to the Congress, but 
fraught with unusual possibilities, was the first Conference of 
National Sorority Presidents. 

The Congress of 1913 was essentially a standardizing 
agency, in that it adopted a uniform scholarship card and 
uniform house rules for the regulation of chapter house life. 
The Congress also went on record as favoring the extension 
of the sorority system. In addition to stressing vocational 
training and occupations for college women it made a con- 
tribution to the Chicago Bureau of Occupations. The Congress 
of 1914 adopted a Code of Ethics, authorized a study of the 
chapter house system, and arranged for the extension and 
supervision of City Panhellenics. 

The Congress of 1915 adopted a Panhellenic Creed, au- 
thorized a study of cooperative buying and catering, voted for 
biennial conferences instead of annual, and increased the num- 
ber of Congress officers by the creation of an editorship. 



The Evolution of the Sorority System 41 

The Congress of 1917 reported 'the distribution among 
colleges of literature bearing upon the efficiency and economy 
of cooperative management of chapter houses. The represen- 
tation of professional sororities in City Panhellenics was 
made a matter of courtesy on the part of each panhellenic. 
The Congress recommended a scholarship basis for initiation. 

The Congress of 1919 called attention to the splendid rec- 
ord made by the sororities during the World War, and rec- 
ommended that each carry over its war-time enthusiasm, en- 
ergy and efficiency into some form of sustained social service. 
The Congress, believing that everything of value to civiliza- 
tion had been made possible through organized social groups, 
went on record as favoring concerted action along American- 
ization lines in conjunction with college authorities and other 
agencies. It also suggested that local panhellenics broaden 
their scope by arranging programs at which topics of national 
or cultural interest should be handled by people of promi- 
nence. Among the more notable features of the Congress 
were the Round Table conferences at which matters of vital 
interest to sorority and college women were presented for 
discussion. 

There is practically no limit to the valuable results that 
may be attained through these annual conferences. The reg- 
ulation of the evils incidental to rushing, though of the high- 
est importance in its salutary effect upon general sorority 
standards, is yet but a small part of the work that may be 
done. To understand something of the possibilities of the 
National Panhellenic Congress, one need only realize that 
the ex-collegio members of the sororities number in the neigh- 
borhood of 100,000, and that the Congress literature reaches at 



42 The Evolution of the Sorority System 

least one-third of these through the various sorority maga- 
zines. The active membership of 15,000 is even more vitally 
affected, and each Fall 6,000 new initiates are brought into 
touch with every movement that receives the sanction of the 
Congresses. Except to a very limited degree, the college wo- 
man has been unable to have any marked influence upon the 
college after graduation. During her student days she has 
been obliged to follow the lines laid down for her brother, 
and if life's experience has shown her that college courses 
should be adapted more peculiarly to her own needs, she has 
had little or no opportunity to say so. Her ideas on this 
point, unexpressed except to a very few, have had little weight. 
The Association of Collegiate Alumnae, to be sure, has de- 
termined certain important facts relative to the higher edu- 
cation of women, but its work has been hampered by the small, 
restricted, scattered membership. It lacks, moreover, the vi- 
vifying touch that comes only from actual cooperation with 
the undergraduate body of college girls. The National Pan- 
hellenic Congress is the only organization that can bridge the 
chasm between college theories and life's realities. Thus far 
it has confined most of its efforts to improving social condi- 
tions. The larger opportunity of making the college course a 
more vital force in the lives of college women is still before it. 



CHAPTER III 

The Mission of the Sorority 

To determine whether the existence of the sorority as a 
factor in college life has been justified, it is necessary to under- 
stand what combination of circumstances called it into being, 
what it has to its credit in the line of accomplishment, and 
what it is doing at the present time to warrant its continuance. 
Begun as an experiment at Elmira more than half a century 
ago, and copied at Wellesley and Smith shortly after these 
institutions were opened, the Greek-Letter Society at the in- 
dependent colleges for women seems to have been established 
with the full sanction of the faculty, in the hope that it might 
serve to unite in a common interest the most prominent mem- 
bers of the student body. In the days when the elective system 
was unknovv^n, the lines of demarcation between the different 
classes were very clearly defined, and these distinctions were 
not always conducive to the development of a proper college 
spirit. By forming a nucleus around which should cluster 
some of the most precious associations of college life, the ad- 
ministration hoped to foster a strong esprit de corps. Except 
to a very few of the students this raison d'etre would scarcely 
appeal. To the majority of women in college thirty years 
ago, when so much stress was laid upon Latin, Greek and 
Mathematics, the societies, by copying the methods of the 
popular lyceum, offered a much-prized opportunity for the 
study of the masterpieces of modern literature and for the 



44 The Mission of the Sorority 

discussion of questions of permanent or passing interestTA 
Since the development of a strong college spirit was the de- 
sideratum in the formation of the societies, the originators 
gave little heed to the possibilities that these organizations 
afforded for the cementing of college friendships. It is rare 
indeed to find among their members the close bond of sym- 
pathy so characteristic of the national sororities, in spite of 
the fact that the two are practically alike as far as secrecy is 
concerned. 

In those colleges however, Vv^here the administration had 
decided upon coeducation, and where the men students were 
often openly hostile to the movement to admit women, the 
Greek-Letter Society among the girls, even when founded at 
faculty suggestion, not infrequently took on the nature of a 
protective league through which the members endeavored by 
united action to secure recognition for themselves as a vital 
part of college life. Misunderstood in the classroom, shut out 
from participation in the literary and debating societies or- 
ganized by the men, unrecognized in the social life that crys- 
tallized around the fraternities, the few who were courageous 
enough to brave outspoken ridicule or veiled slur were sadly in 
need of the moral support that the sorority could give. From 
the close communion of heart and soul in those days of trial 
sprang the impulse to form a sisterhood that should be a 
potent factor during the college course and which, at the same 
time, should lay the foundation for life-long friendships. 

Just how much the sorority did for the first generation 
of college girls in making their position secure and in demon- 
strating their right to educational privileges equal to those 
enjoyed by their brothers is not perhaps to be found in records. 



The Mission of the Sorority 45 

but there can be no doubt that the Greek-Letter Society 
rendered valuable service to the cause of higher education by 
encouraging members to complete their college course and by 
influencing them to interest other girls in what was for years 
an experiment, nay more, an experiment that met with slight 
favor and scanty support from the general public. That the 
sorority did cement friendships there is ample evidence to 
prove, for the earliest issues of the sorority magazines are filled 
with the testimony of those who gladly bore witness to the 
enrichment of their lives through the wealth of sympathetic 
interest such friendships had bestowed. Only those who have 
been blessed with true friendships can understand how very 
barren and spiritless life would be without the stimulus and 
zest they give. To be trusted, to be appreciated, to be loved, 
makes possible the practically impossible, renders the joy of 
success more keen, the sting of sorrow less poignant. 

It is not, however, in these two important particulars 
alone that the sorority of the seventies rendered peculiar and 
efficient service. If there was any element of danger in the 
higher education of women in the early days, it lay in the 
fact that the pioneers were inclined to take themselves and 
their work too seriously, to see life in a false perspective under 
the influence of unusual conditions. From the peril of such 
erroneous ideas as might have been engendered by the impress 
of new and peculiar circumstances, many a girl was rescued by 
^er sorority. As one of a crowd she lost self -consciousness. 
^Within the chapter group the tension was relaxed and normal 
conditions prevailed. Here with friends she need not be on 
parade. She could be what she really was, an essentially 
feminine woman, with wide outlook and large ambitions to be 



I 



46 The Mission of the Sorority 

sure, but no phenomenon as the general public insisted upon 
regarding her. The simple wholesome social life that the 
sorority made a possibility was conducive to naturalness, 
feminine charm and womanly dignity. For the first genera- 
tion of college girls the sorority was primarily a humanizing 
agency. 

Although, except in a few rare cases, the day for the so- 
rority as a protective league is long since past, its importance 
as a prominent factor in the college life of today is even great- 
er than ever, for it touches vitally the lives of hundreds where 
once it touched a score. Indispensable as it still is in fostering 
friendships during the years when a college girl is peculiarly 
in need of the close companionship of those who will treat 
her with a mixture of charity and frank criticism, there are 
yet other important services that the sorority renders its mem- 
bers. In these days when it is no unusual thing for a girl 
to go to college, the young matriculate is in no immediate 
danger of considering herself a rara avis or of developing 
eccentricities of dress or manner. If there is any risk run it 
will certainly not be along the line of becoming strong-minded, 
of having advanced ideas, of promulgating pronounced views. 
Rather will she be lost in the crowd. Today in the great* 
throngs attending our popular colleges, amid the complexity 
of academic life, there can not be the opportunity for the 
development of individuality, so marked a feature of the 
earlier period when the personal relation between faculty and 
students was noticeably strong. Personality is a tremendous 
force in the development of personality, but modern exigencies 
and modern methods have built up barriers between professor 
and student. Perhaps, too, since the problem of the higher 



The Mission of the Sorority 47 

education of women has in a measure been satisfactorily 
solved, the modern educator is no longer so interested in the 
annual solution as it applies to individual cases. 

There is, without doubt, another reason why the college 
has failed, as has been claimed with some measure of justice, 
to do more to develop that very essential quality known as the 
creative faculty. Not to be identical, but to be individual, 7 
not to imitate, but to create, not to follow, but to lead, betokens 
the master mind; yet all education, in its endeavors to make 
the individual conform to a definite standard, tends to stifle 
originality, to put a check upon independent thought. Up to 
a certain point this is a very wise arrangement, for too much 
liberty will result in license. In the case of the elementary 
education which trains the masses and prepares primarily 
for apprenticeship, it is necessary to inculcate obedience, to 
demand subjection to law, to insist upon the closest attention 
to detail, for upon these fundamentals depends the youth's 
success in such work as he may be called upon to do. In the 
case of the secondary education, however, which trains the 
classes and prepares incidentally for skilled workmanship, 
sufficient latitude should be allowed for the expression of indi- 
vidual taste and talent. In the case of the college education, 
which trains only the elect and which should prepare pre- 
eminently for leadership, the dominant thought should be the 
development of individuality. The college in preparing its 
students for intellectual and spiritual leadership must furnish 
a broad, a liberal education, and must train specifically the 
intellect, the heart, the will, the taste, the conscience. All this 
the college does, but more is needed. Abstract studies, invalu- 
able as they are for mental training, lead to theorizing. 



48 The Mission of the Sorority 

Theory is not practice. In great as in small things man learns 
by doing. If a man is to be a great leader, he must lead first 
in small ventures, then in sizable undertakings, finally in great 
enterprises. He must serve his apprenticeship. 

In the big classes, in the large literary societies, in the 
great student leagues of our famous universities, there is op- 
portunity for only a very few to rise above their college mates. 
The many are submerged in the ocean of mediocrity. To 
follow, not to lead, must be their portion. It is just here that 
the sorority is in a position to supplement the work of the 
college in its endeavors to prepare for leadership by presenting 
opportunities for apprenticeship such as the college of itself 
is unable to give save in limited degree. To understand the 
peculiar fitness of the sorority for this work it is necessary to 
consider the essential qualities of a leader. Whether leader- 
ship is to be in small ventures or great enterprises, the prime 
essentials are the same. Most important of all is self- 
confidence. This fundamental requisite of success in any 
undertaking must not be confounded with that most undesir- 
able attribute, self-conceit, which has its roots in vanity. 
Rather is it the self-knowledge which lies at the foundation of 
self-respect. Self-confidence begets enthusiasm, enthusiasm to 
inspire. Self-confidence begets courage, courage to dare. 
Self-confidence begets strength, strength to fulfill. Without 
an enthusiastic interest in the thing to be accomplished, with- 
out the courage resulting from a consciousness of power, with- 
out an abiding faith in the ability to carry any undertaking 
to completion, leadership is impossible. By taking its mem- 
bers out of the crowd and making each a distinct unit in a 
small group, the sorority is able to foster individuality. By 



The Mission of the Sorority 49 

providing every initiate with innumerable opportunities for 
all sorts of service and for all kinds of experience, first in the 
simple work of the chapter and later in the larger effort of the 
national organization, the sorority is particularly well-quali- 
fied to lay a strong foundation for the growth of self-con- 
fidence. 

According to the popular idea self-confidence is the only 
requisite for leadership, but he who would be master over 
others must first be master over himself. Self-control is like- 
wise indispensable. Self-control implies perfect insight, the 
ability to see the end from the beginning. Self-control implies 
perfect adjustment to kindred forces. Self-control implies 
perfect obedience to perfect law. Self-confidence alone may 
of itself secure leadership but it ^iH^Jbe the leadership of the 
demagogue. Without the penetration that insures a grasp 
of the situation, without the disposition to recognize the rights 
of others, without the desire to obey the dictates of conscience, 
there caQ. be no useful, effective leadership. By keeping ever 
before its members a very definite aim, by demanding of each 
individual a due consideration for the rights of every other, 
not only of her own chapter but of the entire organization, by 
expecting obedience to the tenets of the order, the sorority 
exerts a very wholesome discipline that argues well for the 
growth of self-control. 

Leadership that depends for preeminence upon self-con- 
fidence alone will be at best transitory. If it brings material 
rewards, they will be attended by dishonor. Leadership that 
has both self-confidence and self-control as basic principles 
will be lasting, will win rewards, will be productive of honor. 
Such leadership means worldly success and meets with popular 



50 The Mission of the Sorority 

approval. To understand, however, v^hether such is the high- 
est form of leadership, we need only to turn to the life of the 
great Examplar. He is the Light, the Truth, the Way. As 
the Son of God, He was conscious of His power. The miracles 
He performed testify to His confidence in Himself. Though 
all power was given to Him in heaven and earth, yet did He 
exercise self-control. Under sore temptation He did not yield. 
Yet this was not all. His incarnation was not primarily for 
the purpose of performing miracles or of teaching self-control. 
Christ s message to the world was the beauty of service, the 
sacredness of leadership. There were many tones in that 
harmonious Life, but the key-note was self-sacrifice. Self- 
sacrifice recognizes the need for responsibility. Self-sacrifice 
recognizes the need for patience. Self-sacrifice recognizes the 
, need for sympathy. By insisting that every privilege brings 
with it a corresponding responsibility, by urging always the 
great importance of patience in dealing with the problems 
in one's own life or that of any other, by making love the 
mainspring in every line of endeavor that the order under- 
takes, the sorority becomes one of life's great forces in teach- 
ing the beauty of self-sacrifice. Leadership under the spell 
of this great power must be magnetic. Self-confidence, then, 
is creative, self-control restrictive, self-sacrifice persuasive. 
Leadership that possesses all three qualities cannot fail to 
bring success with honor and peace. 

Such is the education that the college is pledged to give, but 
the college has its limitations. By emphasizing and developing 
these requisites for leadership, by providing innumerable op- 
portunities for the 'practical application of the same, the so- 
rority is supplementing the work of the college and rendering 



The Mission of the Sorokity 51 

a special service to society. In thus enhancing the value 
of academic training, the sorority makes the college a much 
more vital force in the life of the student than it could other- 
wise be. The fine college spirit that is an outgrowth of this 
increased interest leads the sorority girl to advocate college 
residence. This, though in no sense a definite aim that the 
sorority has placed before itself, means much for the cause 
of higher education. The benefit that comes to the college 
from an increased matriculation, from a student body fired 
with the torch of ideality, from a roll of alumnae whose names 
are synonymous with honorable accomplishment is, in no small 
part, a result of the existence of the sorority. 

Although the work done in preparation for leadership is 
perhaps the most important within the scope of the sorority, 
it is far from being the only benefit that the members receive. 
Very valuable, indeed, is the business training that comes 
during association with the chapter in undergraduate days or 
from service in the national organization after the college 
course is ended. Some college women have a natural aptitude 
for business, some, especially those who work their way 
through, understand the value of a dollar, but the average col- 
lege girl, whose every bill is paid by an indulgent father, whose 
every whim is gratified by an adoring mother, has very hazy 
ideas on the subject of finance. Such a one, if she becomes a 
teacher, will very likely expect to have her income supple- 
mented by generous checks from home, while, if she should 
preside over a home of her own, she will expect, from past 
experience, to find credit unlimited. No woman who may be 
thrown upon her own resources — and what woman may not? 
— should enter upon the third decade of her life without a 



52 The Mission of the Sorority 

pretty fair knowledge of the ordinary methods of transacting 
business. Yet, how few women ever do acquire this knowl- 
edge. To have a stated chapter income, to decide just how 
it must be appointed for rent and taxes, for furnishing or 
repairs, for food, heat, light and entertainment, is always val- 
uable experience. To place mortgages, to negotiate loans, to 
understand building laws, to handle and invest large sums of 
money such as the national sororities annually receive, is as 
important a training for a woman as for a man. If wage- 
earner or inheritrix she will have money to invest. As wife 
and mother she will handle funds in trust. 

Another opportunity that the sorority opens to its mem- 
bers because of their affiliation with a large organization is the 
chance it gives them through correspondence, fraternity publi- 
cations and conventions to get a wide outlook over the entire 
field of collegiate education. Though one of a group small 
enough to admit of the growth of the individual, each is also 
one of a mighty throng capable of accomplishing much through 
concerted action. Provincialism is thus made impossible even 
in the small college. The inspiration that has come to many 
a small college to broaden its student life has been the directs 
result of the contact of its undergraduates with those of some ^ 
large university. The awakening of many a large university 
to the need of deepening its student life has come through the 
magnetic influence given to its undergraduates by those of 
some small college. The important part that the sorority is 
playing in developing a national type of cultured womanhood 
is another phase of the work it is doing for society and one for 
which it takes little credit to itself. A cultured woman is 
always an honor to the land of her birth, but a cultured woman 



f 



The Mission of the Sorority 53 

with lofty ideals and noble principles is a lustrous jewel in the 
nation's crown. Such a one is the sorority girl. The badge 
she wears upon her breast is a constant reminder to her that 
she has pledged both heart and hand to honor and truth, that 
she has set her face to the light, never to turn back. 

Whenever college authorities opposed to sororities are 
prevailed upon to state their objections, it is always on the 
ground that fraternities create cliques. Instead of being an 
undesirable thing, as many pessimists would have us believe, 
the clique, as established by the sorority, is a most salutary 
arrangement for grouping college girls into congenial coteries. 
Promiscuous friendships, though democratic, are dangerous. 
A woman should have large ideals and generous sympathies, 
but she should concentrate her affections upon a few. Her 
friendships should not be numerous and shallow, but limited 
and deep. The harmony resulting from the union of a few 
with common interests bears rich fruit later when college wo- 
men in any locality unite for effective work along any line. 
The sorority trains its members for organized effort, for lofty 
aims, for conservation of force. 

Furthermore, in taking a girl out of the crowd and making 
her a permanent member of a small group, the sorority is 
rendering her an inestimable service. It is providing her 
during her college course with family affiliations and with the 
essential elements of a home, — sympathetic interest, wise 
supervision, disinterested advice. Incidentally society itself is 
benefited. The corner stone of the social structure is the 
family, and it is not altogether wise that college girls, or col- 
lege boys for that matter, should cut loose from youth's an- 
chorage and drift far from home moorings during four long 



54 The Mission of the Sorority 

year^^ There is a danger, and a very grave danger, that four 
years' residence in a dormitory will tend to destroy right 
ideals of home life and substitute in their stead a belief in the 
freedom that comes from community living. It is in recogni- 
tion of this fact that some of the large colleges for women have 
adopted as far as possible the cottage system of housing stu- 
dents. Culture, broad, liberalizing, humanizing culture, we 
cannot get too much of unless while acquiring it we are weaned 
from home and friends, from ties of blood and kindred. If 
there is a tendency of modern times more to be deplored than! 
any other, it is the disposition on the part of the younger ^^ 
generation to shirk the duties and responsibilities of home life. \ 
Dangerous as this tendency is, it will be doubly so, if college 
graduates are to be inoculated with the virus. To them as its 
most finished product society looks for leadership. Yet an 
exceedingly large number of students, while in pursuit of the 
very culture which can add so much enrichment to the simplest 
home, are forced to forego the influences that experience has 
proved most potent in the right adjustment of social con- 
ditions. Deep and lasting are college impressions, for the 
mind, no longer plastic, is moulded into its final form. 
Precious indeed are those that inspire to right ideals of life 
and thought, perilous any that would substitute new ideas for 
old ideals. The sorority through the chapter house empha- 
sizes the advantage of home life over dormitory residence. 
Through the chapter organization it keeps ever before its 
members the imperative need of living together in harmony, 
of assuming and sharing responsibilities, of so ordering one's 
life that every act shall reflect only honor. The chapter, like 
the family, is a corporation, which, though closely associated 



The Mission of the Sorority 55 

or affiliated with many others, has still within itself a very 
distinct and separate existence. The individual members of 
both are united by very close ties. Both continue indefinitely 
and their position in society depends upon the individual part 
that each member plays. Both lay many responsibilities upon 
their members, but every responsibility has its attendant 
privilege. So closely indeed is the one patterned after the 
other that it is not difficult to see that the sorority chapter 
is an expression of the college girl's belief in the beauty and 
power of the home. The transition from dormitory residence 
to home life must always be a critical time for any girl. Here- 
in lies the reason for much of the restlessness on the part of 
those v/ho have dwelt in dormitories at boarding school or 
college. The new ideas do not adjust themselves to old ideals. 
It is like patching homespun with silk or cloth of gold. \The 
sorority, by demanding the same virtues as the family, makes 
the break between homiC and college and later between college 
and homic almost imperceptible. New ideals may be made to 
take the place of old ideas, just as precious stones may be 
substituted for paste in some rare old setting or as an artist 
may renew the colors in some old masterpieces. Any organiza- 
tion that, fosters love of home should be encouraged, for from 
the home as the central force in civilization must emanate all 
the influences that make for progress. 

Whatever the line of service to which she may consecrate 
herself, the sorority girl will always be a success. She cannot 
fail, for her assets largely exceed her liabilities. She is, to be 
sure, under heavy obligations to her parents, her college and 
her sorority, but none of these will ever press for payment. 
They consider their investment safe as long as her name is a 



56 The Mission of the Sorority 

synonym for honor. As a college woman she will adjust her- 
self in time to any position in which she finds herself, but as 
a sorority girl she will adjust herself quickly, easily, happily, 
because, in addition to the stores of knowledge acquired 
through years of study and always available for pleasure or 
profit, she will have gained through the discipline of the chap- 
ter both wisdom and understanding. If called to be the pre- 
siding genius of a home, she will be ready, since she is a col- 
lege woman, to contribute of her wealth of intellect to all 
those agencies that are working for the betterment of social 
conditions, but sinse she is a sorority girl her appreciation 
of what humanity needs will be keener and truer, her judg- 
ment concerning means and methods to be employed in deal- 
ing with human problems, saner and sounder. If not needed 
in the home, the college woman will find ample opportunity 
out in the world for the exercise of her various talents. Es- 
pecially will there be an urgent call for her to act as a guide, 
philosopher and friend of aspiring youth, but wiser will be 
her guidance, more practical her philosophy, more potent 
her friendship if she is a sorority girl, for through associa- 
tion with the different members of her chapter she has gained 
a knowledge of human nature such as can come only from 
being in intimate touch with many lives and many minds. 
/To sum up, in the case of the second generation of college 
girls the sorority is essentially an individualizing and har- 
monizing agency. 

With so much of accomplishment to its credit in the past, 
with so much more to be done in the present, the sorority may 
look forward to the future with courage, confident that its 
existence in the college fills a want that can be met in no other 



The Mission of the Sorority 57 

or better way. Ever present is the freshman in need of the 
humanizing and vitalizing touch the giving of disinterested 
advice can bestow. Ever present, as a result of the high pres- 
sure demands of scholastic work, is the need of a simple social 
life as a safety valve, ever present, amid the multitudinous 
distractions of university life, the need of a constant inspira- 
tion to fine scholarship, ever present at all times the need of 
supplementing the college in its preparation for the serious 
work of life. 

The sorority of itself, in what it stands for, and in what it 
^ tries to do, is unimpeachable. By demanding excellence in 
classroom records, by insisting on indications of a proper col- 
lege spirit and a proper chapter pride, by expecting a fine re- 
gard for the best social observances, by emphasizing the im- 
portance of simplicity, sincerity and sympathy on the part of 
the members in their relation to one another and to other col- 
lege women, the sorority is continually calling every chapter's 
attention to the high ideals that the order has placed before 
itself, and incidentally paves the way for the organization as a 
whole to be highly respected by student body and faculty. 
If the sorority in the past was ever the cause of anxiety on the 
part of faculties, it most assuredly is no longer so, because fac- 
ulties generally have awakened to a realization of the fact that 
the organization can be made a most invaluable assistant in all 
reforms, experiments, or enterprises that the administration 
may wish to undertake, and which may depend for their ulti- 
mate success upon the hearty cooperation of the student body. 
The sorority, then, by reason of its past achievements, its 
present potentialities, its future possibilities, is deserving of 
a very royal welcome w^henever it decides to enter a college 



I 



68 The Mission of the Sorority 

or university, because its advent means that a number of stu- 
dents have banded together and pledged themselves to work 
unfaltering and unflaggingly for high ideals, for noble aims. 
The tiny jewel that sparkles upon the breast of each member 
is an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual 
grace that has enthroned itself in the heart and will be con- 
tent with nothing short of the good, the true and the beautiful. 



ACADEMIC SORORITIES 

Alpha Chi Omega 

October 15, 1885 
National Council 

President, Mrs. Sheldon D. Graff, 104 Strathmore Rd., 
Brookline, Mass. 

Vice-Presidents, Myra H. Jones, 2518 17th St.,, N. W., Wash- 
ington, D. C. ; Mrs. R. E. Bennett, Gotham Apts., Kansas 
City, Mo. 

Secretary, Mary-Emma Griffith, 1661 Newton St., N. W., 
Washington, D. C. 

Treasurer, Mrs. G. E. Starr, 905 L. C. Smith BIdg., Seattle, 
Wash. 

Inspector, Mrs. Oliver J. Troster, 514 Warburton Ave., Yon- 
kers, N. Y. 

Editor, Mary-Emma Griffith, 1661 Newton St., N. W., Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Chapter Roll 

Albion, Allegheny, Baker, Brenau, California, Cincinnati, 
Colorado, De Pauw/^ Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Milli- 
kin, Mt. Union, Nebraska, New England Conservatory, New 
Mexico, Northwestern, Oklahoma, Oregon State College, 
Pennsylvania, Purdue, Simpson, Southern California, Syra- 

*Place where founded. 



60 Academic Sororities 

cuse, Washington, Washington State, Washington State Col- 
lege, Wisconsin.^lvv.A^cV-- KK^oX^ 

Alpha Chi Omega has 29 college chapters and 40 alumnae 
associations. The total membership is 4,500, the active mem- 
bership 700, the average initiation 300. The badge is a Greek 
lyre having three required jewels and having the sorority let- 
ters emblazoned in gold on a scroll of black enamel extending 
across the twisted strings. The pledge pin is diamond- 
shaped, of scarlet and olive enamel, and displays a gold lyre. 
The flag is a rectangle of olive green with a scarlet chevron 
bearing three olive stars, below which is a scarlet lyre-bird 
crest, its torse and the stars fimbrated with white. 

Colors — Scarlet and Olive. Flower — Scarlet Carnation 
with Smilax. Tree — Holly. Jewel — None. Open Motto — 
Together let us seek the Heights. Insignia — Lyre, Three Stars, 
Sheaf of Wheat, Open Book, Lyre-bird. Patron — Hera. 
Call— Hi ! Hi ! Hi ! Alpha Chi ! Chio ! Ohio ! Alpha Chi Omega ! 

Magazine — The Lyre — 1894. 

Esoteric Annual — The Heraeum — 1911. 

Esoteric Quarterly — The Argolid — 1913. 

Convention — Undecided, August, 1921. 



Alpha Delta Pi 

May 15, 1851 
Executive Council 

President, Mrs. Philip E. Smith, 1513 Scenic Ave., Berkeley, 

Calif. 
Vice-President, Mabelle Fuller, 809 Berry Ave., Houston, Tex. 



Academic Sororities 61 

Secretary, Dorothy Shaw, 1844 Canyon Drive, Hollywood, 
CaHf. 

Treasurer, Bessie M. Dudley, Columbus, Ga. 

Inspector, Irma Tapp, Kingston, N. C. 

Registrar, Emily Langham, 802 W. Alabama St., Houston, 
Tex. 

Historian, Mrs. Arthur Williams, 151 College Ave., Talla- 
hassee, Fla. 

Editor, Jessica North, 1116 E. 59th St., Chicago, III 

Chapter Roll 

Boston, Brenau, California, Colby, Colorado, Florida, Han- 
over, Howard, Illinois, Iowa, Iowa State College, Kansas, Kan- 
sas State College, Lawrence, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, 
Newcomb, Ohio, New Mexico, Oregon, Pittsburgh, Randolph- 
Macon, Southern Methodist, Southwestern, Tennessee, Texas, 
Trinity, Washington State, Washington State College, Wis- 
consin, Wittenberg. C^ v-'^^^^^^N^''^'^'^-r.<jtA'>s 

Alpha Delta Pi has 32 chapters and 20 alumnae associa- 
tions. The total membership is 4,000, the active membership 
800, the average initiation 350. The badge is diamond-shaped, 
enameled in black and bearing two stars, clasped hands and 
the sorority letters. The flag is a rectangle of white sur- 
mounted by a diamond of light blue bearing two stars and 
the sorority letters in white. 

Colors — Pale Blue and White. Flower — Violet. Jewel — 
None. Open Motto — We live for each other. Insignia — 
Clasped Hands, Stars. Patron — None. Call — Secret. 

Magazine — The Adlephean — 1907. 

Convention — Estes Park, June, 1921. 



62 Academic Sororities 

Alpha Epsilon Phi* 

October 24, 1909 
National Council 

Dean, Lillian R. Hirsch, 115 Broadway, New York City. 
Exec. Sec, Lillian Unterberg, 11 West 86th St., New York 

City. 
Rec. Sec, Frances V. Erdofy, 854 West 180th St., New York 

City. 
Treasurer, Dorothy Grant, 35 Mt. Morris Park West, New 

York City. 
Historian, Mrs. Nathan H. Feitel, 830 Broadway, New Or- 
leans, La. 
Ritualist, Mrs. Alice Borchard Greene, 137 West 110th St., 

New York City. 
Field Secretary, Harriet Moses, 1626 Amsterdam Ave., New 

York City. 
Editor, Mrs. Ellis Slatoff, 580 St. Nicholas Ave., New York 

City. 

Chapter Roll 

Adelphi, Cornell, Denver, Hunter, Illinois, Newcomb, New 
York State College for Teachers, New York University, Penn- 
sylvania, Pittsburgh, Syracuse. 

Alpha Epsilon Phi has 11 college chapters, and 5 alumnae 
associations. The total membership is 500, the active mem- 
bership 200, the average initiation 75. The badge shows the 
three sorority letters, jeweled in pearls, and placed in sequence 
upon a narrow gold bar. The pledge pin is a triangle en- 

*For Jewish Women. 



Academic Sororities 63 

ameled in white with a narrow border of green. The coat-of- 
arms displays three pillars, supporting an entablature that 
carries the three sorority letters, and resting upon a broad 
base inscribed with the sorority name in Greek. At the base 
of the central pillar is the Book of All Ages carrying the mot- 
to, Multa Corda Una Causa. Above the book is a lamp of 
friendship. At the base of the outer pillar burn bowls of in- 
cense. The sorority has no national flag. 

Colors — Green and White. Flower — Lily-of-the- Valley. 
Jewel — Pearl. Open Motto — Multa Corda Una Causa. Insig- 
nia — Three Pillars, Book of All Ages, Lamp of Friendship. 
Patron — None. Call — None. 

Magazine — Alpha Epsilon Phi Quarterly — 1918. 

Convention — New York City — 1921. 

Alpha Gamma Delta 

May 30, 1904 
Grand Council 

President, Louise Leonard, 309 Orange St., Syracuse, N. Y. 

Vice-Presidents, Mrs. F. M. Lockhart, Morrison Apts., Som- 
erset, Pa.; Marie Bellinghausen, 6317 Sheridan Rd., Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Secretary, Gladys Branegan, 418 N, Francis St., Madison, 
Wis. 

Treasurer, Mrs. M. W, Slocumb, 117 E. Wabasha St., Wi- 
nona, Minn. 

Historian, Georgia Dickover, 18 W. Ross St., Wilkes-Barre, 
Pa.' 



64 Academic Sororities 

Extension Chairman, Mrs. Wm. Ganong, Klamath Falls, Ore. 
Custodian, Ruth M. Bielby, 309 Orange St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
Editor, Mrs. Henry F. Carlton, 1200 Massachusetts Ave., Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 

Chapter Roll 

Allegheny, Boston, Brenau, California, Coe, Goucher, Il- 
linois, Illinois Wesleyan, Iowa State College, Kentucky, Min- 
nesota, Northwestern, Ohio, Oklahoma, Syracuse, Toronto, 
Washington State, Wisconsin.j'^^vo^''^^^^ \;^y\^j^(i^0^Mi>^ 

Alpha Gamma Delta has 18 chapters and 20 alumnae as- 
sociations. The total membership is 1,600, the active member- 
ship 500, the average initiation 150. The badge is a monogram 
of the three letters. The pledge pin is a small shield enameled 
in red, buff and green, and displaying the sorority letters. 

Colors — Red, Buff and Green. Flower — Red and Buff 
Roses. Jewel — None. Open Motto — None. Insignia — Shield, 
Helmet. Patron — None. Call — Secret. 

Magazine — Alpha Gamma Delta Quarterly — 1909. 

Esoteric Magazine — To Skiouros — 1913. 

Convention — Chicago, 1921. 

Alpha Omicron Pi 

January 2, 1897 
Executive Committee 

President, Mrs. M. L. McCausland, Jr., 517 Angell St., Prov- 
idence, R. I. 

Secretary, Mrs. A. J. Hennings, 2714 Central St., Evanston, 
111. 



Academic Sororities 65 

Treasurer, Viola C. Gray, 1527 S. 23rd St., Lincoln, Neb. 
Editor, Mrs. E. I. MacPhie, 49 Daniel St., Bozeman, Mont. 

Chapter Roll 

California, Cornell, De Pauw, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, 
Maine, Miami, Minnesota, Montana College, Nebraska, New- 
comb, New York, Northwestern, Pennsylvania, Randolph- 
Macon, Southern Methodist, Stanford, Syracuse, Tennessee, 
Tufts, Vanderbilt, Washington State, Wisconsin.sl.VcA-cX'^c^*^ 

Alpha Omicron Pi has 24 college chapters and 21 alumnae 
associations. The total membership is 3,000, the active mem- 
bership 500, the average initiation 250. The badge consists 
of the three sorority letters, superimposed one upon the other 
in sequence with a ruby or garnet at the apex of the Alpha, 
though the rest of the pin may be jeweled in accordance with 
individual taste. The pledge pin is a sheaf of gold. The flag 
is a cardinal banner with the Greek letters in white. 

Color — Cardinal. Flower — Jacqueminot Rose. Jewel — 
Ruby. Open Motto — None. Patron— None. Call— A Whistle. 

Magazine — To Dragma — 1905. 

Convention — Undecided, 1921. 

Alpha Phi 

October 20, 1872 
General Board 

President, Mrs. W. H. Ives, 26 Highland Ave., Yonkers, N Y. 
Vice-President, M. Belle Churchill, Women's University Club, 
New York City. 



66 Academic Sororities 

Corresponding Secretary, Ruth Atkinson, 421 W. 118th St., 

New York City. 
Recording Secretary, Mrs. Otis C. Skeele, 21 Sycamore Ave., 

Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 
Treasurer, Mrs. Edward Zink, 446 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn, 

N. Y. 
Panhellenic Delegate, Amy Comstock, Tulsa, Okla. 
Editor, Mrs. G. F. Thomson, 142 E. 19th St., New York City. 

Chapter Roll 

Boston, California, Cornell, DePauw, Goucher, Michigan, 
Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, 
Northwestern, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, 
Stanford, Syracuse, Texas, Toronto, Washburn, Washington 
State, Wisconsin. ) y^^j^^Xj^- MO^ 

Alpha Phi has 23 college chapters, and 16 alumnae chap- 
ters. The total membership is 4,500, the active membership 
550, the average initiation 250. The badge is a monogram. 
The pledge pin is an ivy leaf. The sorority has no national 
flag. 

Colors — Gray and Bordeaux. Flowers — Lilies-of -the- Val- 
ley and Forget-me-nots. Jewel — None. Open Motto — Hand 
in Hand. Insignia — The Constellation of Ursa Major. Patron 
— None. Call — None. 

Magazine— 7//^ Alpha Phi Quarterly— ISSS, 

Convention — Syracuse, N. Y., 1922. 



Academic Sororities 67 

Alpha Xi Delta 

April 17, 1893 
Grand Officers 

President, Mrs. John M. Knote, Jr., 179 W. 4th St., Mans- 
field, Ohio. 

Vice-President, M. Olive Johnson, 24 '^B" St., San Rafael, 
CaHf. 

Secretary, Ethel Baldwin, 670 Euclid Ave., Elmira, N. Y. 

Treasurer, Lulu L. Runge, 1523 ''M'' St., Lincoln, Neb. 

Inspector, Mrs. C. D. Stevens, 2107 Pleasant Ave., Minneap- 
olis, Minn. 

Editor, Ethel Baldwin, 670 Euclid Ave., Elmira, N. Y. 

Chapter Roll 

Albion, Bethany, California, Coe, Cornell, Illinois, Iowa, 
Iowa Wesleyan, Kansas, Kentucky, Lombard, Michigan, Min- 
nesota, Mt. Union, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Ohio, Ohio 
State, Oregon State College, Pittsburgh, South Dakota, Stet- 
son, Syracuse, Tufts, Vermont, Washington State, West Vir- 
ginia, Wisconsin, Wittenberg. 

Alphi Xi Delta has 29 college chapters and 24 alumnae 
chapters. The total membership is 3,500, the active member- 
ship 500, the average initiation 350. The badge is a quill 
with the society's initials in raised and burnished gold on the 
feathers. The pledge pin is an ellipse of black enamel with 
the edge of bevelled gold, the Greek letters. Alpha Xi Delta, 
being in gold on the black background. The recognition pin 
is a triangle of black enamel bearing the society letters. The 



68 Academic Sororities 

flag is a pennant of three horizontal bars, the top and bottom 
of dark blue, one bearing ten gold stars and the other a gold 
quill, the middle bar of light blue with the sorority letters in 
gold. 

Colors — Light and Dark Blue and Gold. Flower — Pink 
Rose. Jewel — None. Open Motto— None. Insignia — Quill. 
Patron — None. Call — Secret. 

Magazine— ^//?/^a Xi Delta— 1902. 

Esoteric Magazine — The Quill — 1915. 

Convention — Undecided, 1922. 

Chi Omega 

April 5, 1895 
Supreme Governing Council 

President, Mrs. Mary C. Love Collins, 910 Fayette Bank Bldg., 

Lexington, Ky. 
Vice-President, Ada Caldwell, 355 Marion St., Denver, Colo. 
Secretary, Annie Whiteside, Bell Buckle, Tenn. 
Treasurer, Mrs. C. A. Watson, 1742 Lamont St., N. W., 

Washington, D. C. 
Alumnae Work, Helen Denny, 18 Grace Apt., Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 
Editor, Eleanor F. Lewis, Pearsons Hall, Evanston, 111. 

Chapter Roll 

Arkansas, California, Chattanooga, Cincinnati, Coe, Colby, 
Colorado, Cornell, Dickinson, Florida, George Washington, 
Hollins, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Kansas College, Kentucky, 



ApADEMic Sororities 69 

Michigan. Miami, Missouri, Nebraska, Newcomb, New Hamp- 
shire, Northwestern, Ohio, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon, 
Oregon State College, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Purdue, Ran- 
dolph-Macon, Southern Methodist, Stanford, Swarthmore, 
Syracuse, Tennessee, Texas, Transylvania, Tufts, Utah, 
Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin. 

Chi Omega has 45 college chapters and 35 alumnae asso- 
ciations. The total membership is 5,500, the active member- 
ship 1,000, the average initiation 350. The badge is a mono- 
gram. The Omega has a skull and cross-bones and an owl 
engraved upon its sides, while the arch bears the letters Rho, 
Beta, Upsilon, Eta, Sigma. The pledge pin is oblong, round- 
ed at each end, enameled in black, with the letters Chi Omega 
in gold. The flag has five vertical bars, three of cardinal and 
two of straw color, broadly banded across the top with a bar 
of cardinal bearing a white carnation of five petals, each with 
five points. 

Colors- — Cardinal and Straw. Flower — White Carnation. 
Jewels — Pearls and Diamonds. Declaration — Hellenic Culture 
and Christian Ideals. Insignia — Skull, Cross-bones, Owl, 
Five, Laurel. Patron — Demeter. Call — Mellomen Peirasthai 
Hamillasthai, Mepot' Apothaneisthai, Chi, Chi Omega, Chi! 

Magazine — Eleitsis — 1899. 

Esoteric Magazine — Mystagogue — 1905. 

Convention — Undecided, 1922. 



70 Academic Sororities 

Delta Delta Delta 

Thanksgiving Eve, 1888 
National Council 

President, Mrs. W. M. Hudson, Greencastle, Ind. 

Director for Panhellenics, Mrs. E. N. Parmelee, 2726 Central 

St., Evanston, 111. 
Vice-President, Helen Balsley, 124 rue de Stassart, Brussels, 

Belgium. 
Secretary, Pearle Bonisteel, 221 7th Ave., LaGrange, 111. 
Treasurer, Mrs. S. L. Slover, 530 Fairfax Ave., Norfolk, Va. 
Marshal, Mrs. E. L. Hulett, Canton, N. Y. 
Historian, Mrs. F. E. Priddy, 502 Forest Ave., Ypsilanti, Mich. 
Alliance Officer, Ethel W. B. Chase, 87 Commonwealth Ave., 

Detroit, Mich. 
War Reconstruction Activities, R. Louise Fitch, 1270 Ferry 

St., Eugene, Ore. 
Editor, Luella A. Latta, 30 Latta Ave., Ludlow, Ky. 

Chapter Roll 

Adelphi, Adrian, Alabama, Arkansas, Baker, Boston, 
Brenau, Bucknell, Butler, California, Cincinnati, Coe, Colby, 
Colorado, Colorado State College, Cornell, De Pauw, Drury, 
Florida, Franklin, Goucher, Hollins, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
Iowa State College, Kansas State College, Knox, Maine, Mi- 
ami, Michigan, Middlebury, Millikin, Minnesota, Missouri, 
Mt. Union, Nebraska, Nevada, Northwestern, Ohio State, 
Oklahoma, Oregon, Oregon State College, Pennsylvania, Pitts- 
burgh, Randolph-Macon, Simpson, Southern Methodist, South- 



Academic Sororities 71 

western, St. Lawrence, Stanford, Stetson, Syracuse, Texas, 
Transylvania, Vanderbilt, Vermont, Washington State, Wash- 
ington State College, Wisconsin, Wyoming. rTlA^^''^^^^^^^'^^ 

Delta Delta Delta has 61 chapters and 65 alumnae asso- 
ciations. The total membership is 9,000, the active member- 
ship 1,500, the average initiation 600. The badge is a crescent 
inclosing three stars and bearing three Deltas. The pin of the 
first degree is a silver trident. Graduate members wear an 
equilateral triangle of white enamel, supporting on its sides 
three Deltas of gold and inscribed in a golden circle surround- 
ed by six spherical triangles in blue enamel. The pledge pin 
of green enamel is an inverted delta surrounded by three del- 
tas. The recognition pin is a Roman gold monogram of 
three Deltas. The flag is rectangular in shape and is com- 
posed of three vertical bars, the first and third sea-green, one 
bearing three Deltas in white and the other three stars in 
white, the middle bar white with a green pine tree upon it. 

Colors — Silver, Gold and Blue. Flower — Pansy. Tree — 
Pine. Jewel — Pearl. Open Motto — Let Us Steadfastly Love 
One Another. Insignia — Trident, Stars, Crescent, Sea, Pine 
Tree. Patron — Poseidon. Call — Alala! Alala, Alala! Ta 
Hiera Poseidouia! 

Magazine — Trident — 1891. 

Esoteric Quarterly — The Triton — 1906. 

Esoteric Annual — The Trireme — 1908. ^ 

Esoteric Monthly — The Triglyph — 1912. 

Convention — Undecided, 1922. 



72 ^ Academic Sororities 

Delta Gamma 

January 2, 1874 
Grand Council 

President, Mrs. J. Ralph Wilbur, 1235 Maple Ave., Evan- 
ston, 111. 

Vice-President, Mrs. Arthur H. Vandenberg, 316 Morris 
Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Secretary, Mrs. Edward W. Hawley, 323 11th Ave., S. E., 
Minneapolis, Minn. 

Treasurer, Lenore Richards, University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 

Historian, Mrs. Hugh McM. Kingery, 1101 Aurora St., Boul- 
der, Colo. 

Editor, Mrs. Edward W. Hawley, 323 11th Ave., S. E., Min- 
neapolis, Minn. 

Chapter Roll 

Adelphi, Akron, Albion, California, Colorado, Cornell, 
Goucher, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Lawrence, Michigan, 
Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, 
Northwestern, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon, Stanford, 
Swarthmore, Syracuse, Toronto, Washburn, Washington, 
Washington State, Whitman, Wisconsin. 

Delta Gamma has 31 college chapters, 17 alumnae chapters 
and 21 alumnae associations. The total membership is 6,500, 
the active membership 800, the average initiation 350. The 
badge is an anchor supporting upon its shank a shield of 
white enamel with the sorority letters in gold. On the stock, 
also of white enamel, are the three letters, Tau, Delta and 



Academic Sororities 73 

Eta in gold. The pledge pin in a shield of white enamel 
similar to the one on the badge with the Greek letters Pi 
Alpha in gold. 

Colors — Bronze, Pink and Blue. Flower — Cream-colored 
Rose. Jewel — None. Open Motto — None. Insignia — None. 
Patron — None. Call — None. 

Magazine — The Anchora — 1884. 

Convention — Undecided, 1922. 

Delta Zeta 

October 24, 1902 
Grand Council 

President, Rennie Sebring Smith, Y. W. C. A., Muncie, Ind. 

Vice-President, Ruby Long, Cashmere, Wash. 

Secretary, Louella Reeder, Baldwin, Kansas. 

Treasurer, Mrs. Carl G. Malott, Box 411, San Benito, Tex. 

Historian, Mrs. John M. Coleman, Loveland, Ohio. 

Big Sister, Mrs. Nettie W. Shugart, 231 N. 14th St., Lincoln, 
Neb. 

Registrar, Henrietta Schlegel, 73 Harwood Ave., Mt. Wash- 
ington, Pa. 

Parliamentarian, Alys Sutton, 1640 Fowler St., Portland, Ore* 

Editor, Arema O'Brien, 78 W. 4th Ave., Columbus, O. 

Chapter Roll 

Baker, California, Cincinnati, Cornell, Denver, De Pauw, 
Eureka, Franklin, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas State College, Lom- 
bard, Louisiana, Miami, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio State 



74 Academic Sororities 

Oregon State College, Pittsburgh, Washington State, Wash- 
ington State College, Wisconsin. ^"'WvXcU^iyr^wv^> , ^'^cr^ ^A/Vt^ 

Delta Zeta has 22 chapters and 13 alumnae associations. 
The total membership is 2,200, the active membership 450, the 
average initiation 200. The badge is a Roman lamp, flanked 
with Mercury wings and supported by the cap of an Ionic 
column. The sorority letters appear in black enamel on the 
bowl of the lamp, the official jeweling being a diamond in the 
flame of the lamp and four pearls at the base of the cap. The 
pledge pin is diamond-shaped and is inlaid with a gold lamp. 

Colors — Old Rose and Nile Green. Flower — Killarney 
Rose. Jewel — Diamond. Open Motto — None. Insignia — 
Lamp, Bible, Scroll, Distaff, Bodkin. 

Magazine — The Lamp — 1909. 

Convention — New York City, 1922. 

Gamma Phi Beta 

November 11, 1874 
Executive Board 

President, Lindsey Barbee, 1565 Lafayette St., Denver, Colo. 
Vice-President, Mrs. M. B. Holt, 820 Gaylord St., Denver, 

Colo. 
Secretary, Mrs. B. W. Jackson, 1180 St. Paul St., Denver, Colo. 
Treasurer, Madelyn M. Keezer, 2430 E. 14th Ave., Denver, 

Colo. 
Panhellenic Delegate, Lillian W. Thompson, 224 W. 61st PI. 

Chicago, 111. 



I 



* Academic Sororities 75 

Chmn. Visiting Delegates, Adaline S. Bullen, 315 Franklin St., 

Denver, Colo. 
Editor, Lindsey Barbee, 1565 Lafayette St., Denver, Colo. 

Chapter Roll 

Boston, California, Colorado State College, Denver, 
Goucher, Hollins, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Iowa State College, 
Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, 
Northwestern, Oklahoma, Oregon, Oregon State College, 
Stanford, Syracuse^ Toronto, Washington, Washington State, 
Wisconsin. 

Gamma Phi Beta has 25 college chapters and 25 alumnae 
associations. The total membership is 6,300, the active mem- 
bership 500, the average initiation 250. The badge is a mono- 
gram of the three sorority letters, inclosed within a crescent 
of black enamel bearing in characters of gold the Hebrew for 
''Four.'' The pledge pin is a triangular shield of dark brown 
enamel, carrying a crescent in light brown. The sorority has 
no national flag. 

Colors — Light and Dark Brown. Flower — Carnation. 
Jewel — None. Open Motto — Founded On a Rock. Insignia — 
Crescent. Patron — None. Call — None. 

Magazine — The Crescent — 1901. 

Convention — Seattle, 1921. 



76 Academic Sororities 

Kappa Alpha Theta 

January 27, 1870 
Grand Council 

President, Betty Newsom, Ark. Nat. Bank Bldg., Hot Springs, 

Ark. 
Vice-President, Mrs. J. T. Haviland, 203 Midland Ave., 

Wayne, Pa. 
Treasurer, Mrs. Martha Cline Huffman, Broken Bow, Neb. 
Secretary and Editor, L. Pearle Green, 15 East Ave., Ithaca, 

N. Y. 

Chapter Roll 

Adelphi, Allegheny, Arizona, Butler, California, Cincin- 
nati, Colorado Agricultural College, Cornell, De Pauw, 
Goucher, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Lawrence, Michigan, 
Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Newcomb, North 
Dakota, Northwestern, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State 
College, Oregon, Oregon State College, Pennsylvania, Pitts- 
burg, Purdue, Randolph-Macon, South Dakota, Southern Cal- 
ifornia, Stanford, Swarthmore, Syracuse, Texas, Toronto, 
Vanderbilt, Vermont, Washburn, Washington, Washington 
State, Washington State College, Wisconsin. ^y)u)cA^^^^^^i(>iC 

Kappa Alpha Theta has 46 college chapters and 34 alumnae 
associations. The total membership is 10,000, the active mem- 
bership, 1,100, the average initiation 460. The badge is a kite, 
the outer edge gold, the inner portion, which is slightly raised, 
of black enamel. In the middle on a band of white are the 
society's initials in gold. Above are two stars set with dia- 



Academic Sororities 77 

monds and below in Greek the date of founding. The pledge 
pin is a small diamond shaped shield and divided diagonally 
into two triangles, one of gold, the other of black enamel. The 
flag is the coat-of-arms on a gold field with bands of black to 
right and left. 

Colors — Black and Gold. Flower — Black and Gold Pansy. 
Jewel — None. Open Motto — None. Insignia — Stars, Eagle's 
Head, Three Links, Ermine. Patron — None. Call — C. G. G. 
E. flat. 

Magazine— i^a/)/?a Alpha Theta— 1885. 

Esoteric Magazine — The Bimonthly — 1911. 

Convention— Lake Placid, N. Y., 1921. 

Kappa Delta 

October 27, 1897 

President, Mrs. Edwin C. Gilbert, 140 Oak St., Indian Or- 
chard, Mass. 

Secretary, Effie Moncure, Oakland St., Shreveport, La. 

Treasurer, Rebecca Smith, 1505 Broadway, Paducah, Ky. 

Registrar, Mrs. D. Shaw Duncan, 2174 S. Columbine St., Den- 
ver, Colo. 

Chapterian, Sarah Blue, Box 277, Union Springs, Ala. 

Editor, Christine Hopkins, Box 546, Louisville, Ky. 

Chapter Roll 

Alabama, Beloit, Bucknell, California, Cincinnati, Coe, Col- 
orado Agricultural College, Cornell, Denver, Florida, Hollins, 



78 Academic Sororities 

Illinois Wesleyan, Iowa State College, Kentucky, Lawrence, 
Louisiana, Hunter, Millsaps, Minnesota, Nebraska, North- 
western, Oklahoma State College, Pittsburgh, Randolph-Ma- 
con, Southern California, Southern Methodist, Trinity, Wis- 
consin, Wyoming. • ^^Ua^o^^^ ', -Vva^ca^c^uL^.^v 

Kappa Delta has 39 chapters, and 20 alumnae associations. 
The total membership is 2,000, the active membership 700, 
the average initiation 300. The diamond-shaped badge dis- 
plays a dagger, the sorority's initials and the letters A. O. T. 
in gold on a background of black enamel. The pledge pin 
is an open equilateral triangle of gold superimposed upon 
a dagger, straight lines connecting the center of the base with 
the center of each side. The flag is a trice barred and den- 
tated pennant, the olive bar bearing a white rose, the white 
a dagger and stars of gold. 

Colors — Olive Green and Pearl White. Flower — White 
Rose. Jewels — Pearl and Emerald. Open Motto — Let Us 
Pursue the Honorable. Insignia — Skull, Cross-Bones, Skele- 
ton, Dagger, Snake, Ermine, Cross, Lamp, Stars. Patron — 
None. Call— C. F. F. F. F. F. A. 

Magazine — Angelas — 1904. 

Esoteric Magazine — Ta Takta — 19n. 

Convention — Undecided, August, 1921. 



Academic Sororities 79 

Kappa Kappa Gamma 

October 13, 1870 
Grand Council 

President, Sarah B. Harris, College of Oratory, Northwest- 
ern University, Evanston, 111. 

Vice-President, Mrs. Frank A. Kemp, Jr., 135 Grant St., Den- 
ver, Colo. 

Secretary, Delia Lawrence, Bryan, Texas. 

Treasurer, Gertrude K. Wood, 814 Second PI., Plainfield, N. J. 

Registrar, Catherine Burnside, 234 Tillamook, Portland, Ore. 

Editor, Mrs. Katherine T. Mullin, 111 W. 11th St., New York 
City. 

Chapter Roll 

Adelphi, Adrian, Akron, Allegheny, Arizona, Boston, But- 
ler, CaHfornia, Cincinnati, Colorado, Cornell, De Pauw, Hills- 
dale, Idaho, Illinois, Illinois Wesleyan, Indiana, Iowa, Kan- 
sas, Kansas State College, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesoto, 
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Newcomb, New Mexico, North- 
western, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Pitts- 
burgh, Purdue, Stanford, St. Lawrence, Swarthmore, Syra- 
cuse, Texas, Toronto, Washington State, Washington State 
College, West Virginia, Whitman, Wisconsin .^'^^''^^'^'^ 

Kappa Kappa Gamma has 46 college chapters and 60 alum- 
nae associations. The total membership is 10,000, the active 
membership about 1,200, the average initiation 450. The 
badge is a key, bearing the society's initials and the date of 
founding in Greek. The pledge pin is a Delta of dark or light 



80 Academic Sororities 

blue enamel bearing a Sigma in light or dark enamel. The 
sorority has no national flag. 

Colors — Light and Dark Blue. Flower — Fleur de Lis. 
Jewel — Sapphire. Open Motto — None. Insignia — Owl. 
Patron — Athena. Call — Hai Korai Athenes. 

Magazine— T/^^ Key— 1882, 

Convention — Undecided, 1922. 

Phi Mu 

January 4, 1852 
National Officers 

President, Mrs. Z. W. Keller, Gladstone Hotel, Chicago, 111. 
Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Chas. G. Eidson, 218 N. Robert Blvd., 

Dayton, O.; Mrs. R. E. Bailey, Tifton, Ga. 
Secretary, Leah R. Sturdevant, 2096 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn, 

N. Y. 
Treasurer, Berenice Ford, 2917 Flora Ave., Kansas City, Mo. 
Historian, Mrs. Frank B. Henderson, 3906 Penn St., Kansas 

City, Mo. 
Registrar, Mrs. Cecil C. McNeil, 175 Dodge Ave., Akron, O. 
Editor, Margaret K. Swan, 482 Second St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Chapter Roll 

Adelphi, Akron, Baker, Brenau, California, Colby, Dick- 
inson, George Washington, Hanover, Hollins, Indiana, Iowa 
Wesleyan, Knox, Lawrence, Maine, Millsaps, Missouri, New- 
comb, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio State, Randolph- 
Macon, Southern California, Southern Methodist, Southwest- 



Academic Sororities 81 

ern, Swarthmore, Syracuse, Tennessee, Texas, Washington 
State, Whitman, Wisconsin. 

Phi Mu has 32 chapters and 15 alumnae associations. The 
total membership is 5,000, the active membership 800, the 
average initiation 300. The badge is an oddly shaped shield 
of black enamel displaying in the center a hand holding a 
heart. Above is a ribbon of gold bearing the sorority's letters 
and below another bearing three stars. The pledge pin is of 
black enamel and bears a gold Phi. The flag is of rose and 
white bordered with rose, the former field bearing three white 
stars and the latter the sorority name in rose. 

Colors — Old Rose and White. Flower — Rose-Carnation. 
Jewels — Ruby and Pearl. Open Motto — Les Soeurs Fideles, 
Insignia — Heart, Hand, Stars, Lamp, Lions, Stone. 

Magazine — The Aglaia — 1907. 

Esoteric Annual — The Philomathean — 1907. 

Esoteric Quarterly — To Sakos — 1912. 

Convention — Undecided, 1921. 

Pi Beta Phi 

April 28, 1867 
Grand Council 

President, Mrs. George W. Tannahill, Beloit College, Beloit, 

Wis. 
Vice-President, Mrs. David D. Nickerson, 74 Rockland Ave., 

Maiden, Mass. 
Secretary, Amy Burnham Onken, Chapin, 111. 



82 Academic Sororities 

Treasurer, Anne Stuart, 1906 ''D'' St., Lincoln, Neb. 
Editor, Mrs. F. A. Rugg, 201 Davis Ave., Brookline, Mass. 

Chapter Roll 

Arizona, Arkansas, Beloit, Boston, Bucknell, Butler, Cal- 
ifornia, Colorado, Cornell, Denver, Dickinson, Drury, Frank- 
lin, George Washington, Goucher, Hillsdale, Hollins, Illinois, 
Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State College, Iowa Wesleyan, Kansas, 
Kansas State College, Knox, Lombard, Maine, Michigan, 
Middlebury, Millikin, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, 
Newcomb, Northwestern, Ohio, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Okla- 
homa State College, Oregon, Oregon State College, Pittsburgh, 
Purdue, Randolph-Macon, Simpson, Southern California, 
Southern Methodist, St. Lawrence, Stanford, Stetson, Swarth- 
more, Syracuse, Texas, Toronto, Vermont, Washington, Wash- 
ington State, Washington State College, West Virginia, Wis- 
consin, Wyoming. 

Pi Beta Phi has 62 college chapters and 75 alumnae as- 
sociations. The total membership is 12,000, the active mem- 
bership 1,500, the average initiation 750. The badge is an 
arrow about an inch in length, bearing the sorority letters upon 
the feathers. The pledge pin is an arrow head in Roman gold, 
bearing a burnished Beta. The recognition pin is a miniature 
of the badge. The flag is an indented pennant of wine red sur- 
mounted by a triangle of silver blue, the latter field bearing 
a monogram of the letters I and C surrounded by a halo and 
a monogram of the letters Pi Beta Phi. Its lowest point is 
apparently pierced by a gold arrow which overlaps the lateral 
sections of wine red. 

Colors — Wine Red and Silver Blue. Flower — Dark Red 



Academic Sororities 83 

Carnation. Jewel — None. Open Motto — None. Insignia — 
Arrow. Patron — Pallas Athena. Call — Ring Ching Ching! 
Ho Hippi Hi! Ra Ro Arrow! Pi Beta Phi! 

Magazine — The Arrow — 1885. 

Convention — Charlevoix, Mich., 1921. 

Sigma Kappa 

November, 1874 
Grand Council 

President, Mrs. B. T. Weston, Temiskaming, Quebec, Can. 
Vice-President, Lorah S. Monroe, 808 N. Prairie St., Bloom- 

ington. 111. 
Secretary, Ruth Litchen, 607 Olive St., Leavenworth, Kan. 
Treasurer, Mrs. Harry Blunt, 603 Lincoln Ave., St. Paul, 

Minn. 
Counselor, Mrs. M. D. Linger, 97 University Ave., Buffalo, 

N. Y. 
Editor, Mrs. Frances M. Wigmore, Orland, Calif. 

Chapter Roll 

Boston, Buffalo, California, Colby, Denver, Florida, 
George Washington, Illinois, Illinois Wesleyan, Indiana, Jack- 
son,"^ Kansas, Middlebury, Ohio State, Oregon State College, 
Randolph-Macon, Rhode Island, Southern Methodist, Stan- 
ford, Syracuse, Washington State, Wisconsinj"V\^<-^^Y*-^ 

Sigma Kappa has 22 college chapters and 17 alumnae as- 
sociations. The total membership is 3,000, the active member- 

♦Cf. Tufts. 



84 Academic Sororities 

ship 700, the average initiation 225. The badge is an equi- 
lateral triangle, supporting a raised triangle of maroon enamel 
with the sorority letters in gold. The pledge pin is a mono- 
gram of the letters, arranged in the form of a serpent entwined 
about a K. The recognition pin is a gold monogram of the 
sorority letters. The flag is an indented banner of maroon, 
superimposed upon a background of lavender, and displaying 
a hollow triangle enclosing the sorority letters interlaced. 

Colors — Maroon and Lavender. Flower — Violet. Jewel — 
None. Open Motto — One Heart, One Way. Insignia — Dove 
and Serpent. Patron — Secret. Call — S-i-g, Sig, m-a, ma; 
Sigma Kappa, Rah, Rah, Rah. 

Magazine — Sigma Kappa Triangle — 1907. 

Convention — Undecided, 1922. 

Theta Phi Alpha* 

August 30, 1912 
Grand Council 

President, Mildred M. Connely, 1126 Virginia Park, Detroit, 

Mich. 
Vice-Presidents, Mary Lyman, 502 S. Lynn St., Champaign, 

111. ; Plermina Hoppe, Grand Vista Ave., Cincinnati, O. 
Secretary, Beatrice Rademacher, 5275 3d Ave., Detroit, Mich. 
Treasurer, Mary Antorietto, 47 S. Fort St., Athens, O. 
Historian, Edna Stevenson, 544 W. 4th Ave., Columbus, O. 
Marshal, Olga Shinkman, 7392 Churchill St., Detroit, Mich. 

*For Catholic Women. 



Academic Sororities 85 

Visiting Delegate, Irene Doyle, 615 N. Jackson St., Clinton, 111. 

Organizer, Frances Kelley, Columbus, O. 

Editor, Frances Best, 809 S. Wright St., Champaign, 111. 

Chapter Roll 

Cincinnati, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Ohio State. 

Theta Phi Alpha has 6 college chapters and 7 alumnae as- 
sociations. The total membership is 300, the active member- 
ship 200, the average initiation 60. The badge is a Theta 
jeweled with sapphires or pearls and superimposed upon the 
• other two letters. The pledge pin is a black enamel square 
displaying a compass of gold. The sorority has no national 
flag. 

Colors — Silver and Gold. Flower — White Rose. Jewel — 
Sapphire. Open Motto — We shall grow old ever learning 
many things. Insignia — Cross, Compass, Lily, Laurel, Open 
Book, Staff. Patron— None. Call— None. 

Magazine — The Compass. 

Convention — Champaign, 111., 1921. 

Zeta Tau Alpha 

October 25, 1898 
Grand Chapter 

President, H. Alpha Burkart, 5600 Baum Blvd., Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 

Vice-President, Mary Poggi, 1619 W. 48th St., Los Angeles, 
Calif. 

Secretary, Helen M. Donaldson, 37 Watson Blvd., N. S. Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 



86 Academic Sororities 

Treasurer, Ethel Charnock, Elkins, West Va. 
Historian, Gladys Ayland, Chestnut St., Joplin, Mo. 
Inspector, Evelyn Callicut, 4th St., Corsicana, Tex. 
National Panhellenic Delegate, Dr. May Agness Hopkins, 

Southwestern Life Bldg., Dallas, Tex. 
Editor, Abbie Graham, Alice, Tex. 

Chapter Roll 

Alabama, Arkansas, Baker, Bethany, Boston, Brenau, But- 
ler, California, Drury, Iowa Wesleyan, Michigan, Millikin, 
Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Randolph-Macon, Southern Cali- 
fornia, Southern Methodist, Southwestern, Tennessee, Texas, 
Trinity, Washington State.^ C^.^^ ^^^^'^^^^''^^^ 

Zeta Tau Alpha has 22 college chapters and 25 alumnae 
associations. The total membership is 3,000, the active mem- 
bership 500, the average initiation 250. The badge, an artis- 
tically shaped shield, bears a crown in its center, flanked by 
the letters Z. T. A. Below in Greek is the word Themis. The 
pledge pin is a carpenter's square with a turquoise jeweling. 
The sorority flag is a rectangle of turquoise blue bearing in 
Greek lettering the w^ord Themis, which is flanked by triangu- 
lar fields of steel gray carrying as devices an A and a flaming 
torch in turquoise blue. 

Colors — Turquoise and Gray. Flower — White Violet. Jew- 
el — None. Open Motto — Seek the Noblest. Insignia — Eye, 
Crown, Balance, Book, Carpenter's Square, A, Dove with Ol- 
ive Branch, Sword, Chain, Burning Taper. Patron — Themis. 
Call— None. 

Magazine — Themis — 1903. 

Convention — Undecided, 1921. 














Y 






Miscellaneous Badges 



PROFESSIONAL SORORITIES 

Alpha Epsilon Iota 

(Medicine) 
February 26, 1890 
i ' Grand Chapter 

I President, Dr. Margaret Warwick, Minneapolis, Minn. 
Vice-President, Dr. Marion R. Lucke, Bryn Mawr, Penn. 
Secretary, Helen Slaughter, Minneapolis, Minn. 
Treasurer, Alice Ford, Minneapolis, Minn. 

Chapter Roll 

California Medical Department-at-Los Angeles, California 
Medical Department-at-San Francisco, Chicago, Cornell, Illi- 
nois, Michigan, Minnesota, Stanford, Syracuse, Tulane, Wo- 
man's Medical College of Pennsylvania. 

Alpha Epsilon has 11 chapters. The total membership is 
700, the active membership 100, the average initiation 50. The 
badge is a five-pointed star superimposed upon a jeweled cir- 
cle. The star is of black enamel and displays the sorority let- 
ters together with a serpent's head. 

Colors — Black, White and Green. Flower — White Car- 
nation. 



88 Professional Sororities 

Alpha Sigma Alpha 

(Education) 

November IS, 1901 
National Council 

President, Mrs. Wm. Holmes Martin, 5 Cobden St., Roxbury, 

Mass. 
Vice-President, Ida A. Jewett, Shelbina, Mo. 
Secretary, Margaret Veil, Scalp Level, Penn. 
Treasurer, Ruth Duffey, South Charleston, O. 
Registrar, Naomi Caldwell, Urbana, O. 
Historian, Mrs. Chas. M. Chenery, Petersburg, Va. 
Librarian, Mrs. Carl T. Brunson, Rockford, 111. 
Ritualist, Minnie Shockley, Alva, Okla. 

Chapter Roll 

Colorado State Teachers College, Kansas State Teachers 
College-at-Emporia. Kansas State Teachers College-at-Pitts- 
burg, Miami University, Missouri State Teachers College-at- 
Kirksville, Missouri State Teachers College-at-Warrensburg, 
Ohio University, Oklahoma State Teachers College-at-Alva. 

Alpha Sigma Alpha has 8 chapters and 16 alumnae as- 
sociations. The total membership is 900, the active member- 
ship 200, the average annual initiation 100. The badge is a 
concave square of black enamel bordered with pearls and dis- 
playing the sorority letters, a star and a crown. The pledge 
pin is of silver similarly shaped. The flag is a white oblong 
and carries as a device a crimson phoenix rising from lam- 
bent flames. 



Professional Sororities 89 

Colors — Pearl White and Crimson, Palm Green and Gold. 
Flowers — Aster and Narcissus. Jewels — Pearl and Ruby. 
Open Motto — Aspire, Seek, Attain. Insignia — Star, Crown, 
Palm Tree, Phoenix. Patron — Hermes. Call — Rah, rah, rah, 
rah, rah, rah, rah, rah, A-S-A, A-S-A, A-S-A, Forever ! 

Magazine — The Phoenix — 1914. 

Convention — Easter, 1922. 

Delta Omega 

(Osteopathy) 

October 15, 1904 
Grand Council 

President, Dr. L. Alice Foley, 505 Essex Bldg., Minneapolis. 

Vice-President, Dr. Ada A. Achorn, 687 Boylston St., Boston. 

Secretary, Dr. Mabel Gibbons, 616 Traders Bank Bldg., Scran- 
ton, Pa. 

Treasurer, Dr. Kathleen Mayo, 303 Cantrell Bldg., Jackson, 
Tenn. 

Chapter Roll 

American School of Osteophy, Los Angeles, Still College. 

Delta Omega has 3 college chapters, but no alumnae as- 
sociations. The total membership is 200, the active member- 
ship 40, the average initiation 15. The badge is a kite of 
olive green enamel bordered with gold and bearing in gold a 
skull and cross-bones in the upper part, while below are the 
sorority letters in gold on a white chevron. The pledge pin 
is a Delta of green enamel within a gold Omega. 

Colors — Olive Green and Gold. Flower — Chrysanthemum. 



90 Professional Sororities 

Jewel— Diamond. Open Motto — None. Insignia — Kite, Skull, 
Cross-Bones. Patron — None. Call — None. 

Magazine— T/i^ Alpha— 1912. 

Convention — Undecided, 1922. 

Delta Omicron 
(Music) 

September 8, 1909 
National Officers 

President, Mrs. Harry Roy, Louisville, Ky. 
Vice-President, Mrs. George Stewart, Cincinnati, O. 
Secretary, Mrs. L. L. Springer, Duluth, Minn. 
Treasurer, Bess Hagmeier, Newark, O. 

Chapter Roll 

Cincinnati College of Music, Cincinnati Conservatory, De- 
troit Institute of Musical Art, Denison, Louisville Conserva- 
tory, Morrey School. 

Delta Omicron has 6 chapters. The total membership is 
500, the active membership 90, and the average initiation 50. 
The badge is a lyre with a scroll bearing the sorority letters in 
raised gold. The pledge pin is a monogram of the two letters 
in silver. 

Colors — Old Rose and Silver. Flower — Lily-of -the- Valley. 
Jewel — Pearl. Open Motto — Continenter Nitentes Conse- 
quimur. Insignia — Wheel, Torch, Serpents, Stars, Javelin, 
Triangle. 

Convention — Louisville, Ky., 1921. 



Professional Sororities 91 

Delta Sigma Epsilon 

(Education) 

September 28, 1914 
National Council 

President, Mrs. J. Edward List, 1235 S. Peoria Ave., Tulsa, 

Okla. 
Secretary, Mary L. Holt, 1011 S. Lea Ave., Roswell, N. Mex. 
Treasurer, Martha Johnson, Grant St., Indiana, Penn. 
Organizer, Maude Morris, Alva, Okla. 
Editor, Mrs. Wilbur J. Gier, Elk City, Kans. 

Chapter Roll 

Colorado State Teachers College, Kansas State Teachers 
College-at-Emporia, Kansas State Teachers College-at-Pitts- 
burg, Miami Univo^sity /Michigan State Teachers College, Mis- 
souri State Teachers College-at-Kirksville, New Mexico Nor- 
mal University, Oklahoma State Teachers College-at-Alva, 
Temple University. 

Delta Sigma Epsilon has 9 chapters and 8 alumnae associa- 
tions. The total membership is 500, the active membership, 
200, the average initiation 100. The badge is a seven-sided 
shield of black enamel, bearing the sorority letters, a cornu- 
copia and a circle. The pledge pin is a cornucopia. 

Colors — Olive Green and Cream. Flower — Cream Tea 
Rose. Jewel — Pearl. Open Motto — Nihil Sine Lahore. In- 
signia — Circle, Cornucopia. 

Magazine — The Shield — 1917. 

Convention — August, 1922. 



92 Professional Sororities 

Kappa Beta Pi 

(Law) 

December 15, 1908 
National Officers 

President, Leonore' Simpson, 3408 Cherry St., Kansas City, 
Mo. 

Secretary, Charlotte M. Stevens, 1040 Otis Bldg., Chicago, 111. 

Editor, Cathryn O'Loughlin, 58 Green Hall, Chicago Uni- 
versity. 

Chapter Roll 

California, Chicago, Chicago-Kent, De Pau^|, Detroit 
School of Law, Detroit L^niversity, George Washington, John 
Marshall School of Law, Kansas City Law School, Michigan, 
Northwestern, Texas, Washington College of Law, Yale. 

Kappa Beta Pi has 14 chapters. The total membership is 
300, the active membership 150, the average initiation 75. The 
badge is a monogram with the Kappa superimposed. The 
pledge pin is a small shield enameled in turquoise and old gold. 

Colors — Turquoise Blue and Old Gold. Flower — Yellow 
Tea Rose. 

Magazine — Kappa Beta Pi Quarterly — 1916. 

Convention — September, 1922. 



Professional Sororities 93 

Nu Sigma Phi 

(Medicine) 

March IS, 1898 
J General Officers 

President, Dr. Lois Wynkoop, Chicago. 
Secretary, Dr. Victoria Bergstrom, Chicago. 
Editor, Dr. Anna Hinds, Berwyn, III. 

Chapter Roll 

Chicago, Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery, Illinois, 
Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, Southern California, Valparaiso. 

Nu Sigma Chi has 8 chapters. The total membership is 
300, the active membership 50, the average initiation 25. The 
badge is a gold monogram of the three sorority letters, super- 
imposed one upon the other in sequence, the Nu having as the 
required jeweling three emeralds on the cross bar and five dia- 
monds on each standard. 

Colors — Green and White. Flower — White Rose. 

Convention — Undecided. 

Phi Delta Delta 
(Law) 

November, 1911 
Grand Officers 

President, Olive J. Shontz, Los Angeles, Calif. 
Vice-President, Eloise Slatte, Seattle, Wash. 



94 Professional Sororities 

Secretary, M. Eleanor Mack, 320 Trust and Savings Bldg., 
Los Angeles. 

Treasurer, Nettie M. Rankin, 1157 E.Broadway, Portland, Ore. 

Recorder, Jeannette Jewell, 1485 Columbia Rd., N. W., Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Chapter Roll 

George Washington, Oregon, Portia School of Law, South- 
em California, Washington State. 

Phi Delta Delta has 5 chapters. The total membership 
is 200, the active membership 75, the average initiation 30. The 
badge is a kite of black enamel displaying a monogram of the 
sorority letters. 

Colors — Old Rose and Violet. Flowers — Rose and Violet. 
Jewel — Pearl. 

Pi Kappa Sigma 
(Education) 

November 17, 1894 
National Council 

President, Margaret E. Brady, 716 Garrard Ave., Covington, 
Ky. 

Vice-President, Mrs. W. D. Zipperton, 405 W. South St., Ar- 
canum, O. 

Secretary, Mrs. C. R. Colburn, 3945 S. Jefferson Ave., Nor- 
wood, O. 

Treasurer, Helen M. Cook, 307 N. Adams St., Ypsilanti, Mich. 

A. E. S. Representative, Inez W. Beattie, Box 263, Alva, Okla. 

Editor, S. Edith Todd, 196 King Ave., Detroit, Mich. 



Professional Sororities 96 

Chapter Roll 

Colorado State Teachers College, Kansas State Teachers 
College-at-Emporia, Miami University, Michigan State Teach- 
ers College, Missouri State Teachers CoUege-at-Warrensburg, 
Oklahoma State Teachers College-at-Alva, Oklahoma State 
Teachers College-at-Durant. 

Pi Kappa Sigma has 7 chapters and 4 alumnae associations. 
The total membership is 1000, the active membership 150, the 
average initiation 90. The badge is a modified triangular shield 
of black enamel displaying the sorority letters and a lamp, and 
carrying a diamond surrounded by thirteen gold rays. The 
pledge pin is a modified triangle enameled in turquoise, and 
carrying the sorority letters. 

Colors — Turquoise and Gold. Flowers — Forget-me-not and 
Jonquil. Jewel — None. Open Motto — None. Insignia — 
Lamp, Star, Phi, Open Book, Laurel Wreath, Scroll. Patron 
—None. Call— C, E, E Flat, E, C. 

Magazine — The Lauj^el — 1918. 

Convention — Detroit, 1921. 



Sigma Alpha Iota 
(Music) 

June 12, 1903 

National Officers 

President, Elsie M. Chapman, 1110 W. 8th St., Topeka, Kans, 
Vice-President, Donna M. Hayes, 1635 ''¥'' St., Lincoln, Neb. 
Rec. Sec, Amy Grau, 1635 ''¥'' St., Lincoln, Neb. 



96 Professional Sororities 

Cor. Sec, Margaret Worden, 404 Washington St., Klamath 

Falls, Ore. 
Treasurer, Mrs. Eleanor W. MacKay, 218 Southern Ave., 

Cincinnati, O. 
Historian, Claudia Peck, 5015 Marion St., Cardington, O. 
Editor, Mrs. E. D. Lindberg, 397 Walnut St., Appleton, Wis. 

Chapter Roll 

American Conservatory (Chicago), Cincinnati College of 
Music, Cincinnati Conservatory, Detroit Conservatory, Drake, 
Fargo, Indianapolis College of Musical Art, Ithaca Conserva- 
tory, Lawrence, Michigan, Millikin, New England Conserva- 
tory, North Dakota, Northwestern, University School of Mu- 
sic (Lincoln, Neb.), Washburn. 

Sigma Alpha Iota has 16 chapters and 3 alumnae associa- 
tions. The total membership is 800, the active membership 
300, the average initiation 150. The badge consists of seven 
gold Pan pipes surrounded by a jewelled ellipse bearing the 
sorority letters in gold on black enamel. The pledge pin is 
the Pan pipes alone. The flag is crimson with white letters. 

Colors — Crimson and White. Flower — Crimson Rose. 
Jewel — Pearl. Open Motto — Vita Brevis, Ars Longa, Insig- 
nia — Pan Pipes, Ellipse. 

Magazine — Pan Pipes — 1909. 

Annual— r/z^ Year Book— 1910. 

Convention — April, 1922. 



Professional Sororities 97 

Sigma Sigma Sigma 

(Education) 

April 20, 1898 
Grand Chapter 

President, Alabel L. Walton, Woodstock, Va. 

Vice-President, Mrs. W. M. Stryker, 110 N. B St., Arkansas 
City, Kans. 

Secretary, Hazel I. Greer, 701 Congress St., Ypsilanti, Mich. 

Treasurer, Carrie K. Mason, Mattoax, Va. 

Inspector, Mrs. W. J. B. Devor, 130 Parkway Ave., Cincin- 
nati, O. 

Alumnae Representative, Mrs. Hugh Tistadt,Caruthersville, Mo. 

A. E. S. Representative, Mrs. A. J. Hathaway, Jr., Welland, 
Ontario. 

Editor, Mrs. J. J. Eaton, 1327 S. 20th St., Birmingham, Ala. 

Business Manager, Mabel West, 426 N. Walnut St., Wilming- 
ton, O. 

'■ Chapter Roll 

Colorado State Teachers College, Florida State College 
for Women, Kansas State Teachers College-at-Emporia, Mi- 
ami University, Michigan State Teachers College, Missouri 
State Teachers College-at-Kirksville, Missouri State Teachers 
College-at-Warrensburg, New York State Normal-at-Buffalo, 
Ohio University, Oklahoma State Teachers College-at-Alva, 
Union University, Virginia State Normal School. 

Sigma Sigma Sigma has 12 chapters and 12 alumnae as- 
sociations. The total membership is 1600, the active member- 
ship 250, the average initiation 150. The badge is an equilat- 



98 Professional Sororities 

eral triangle with indented sides, the raised inner portion of 
black enamel having a Sigma in each corner and a skull and 
cross-bones in the centre. The pledge pin is an indented tri- 
angle superimposed upon a circle. The sorority flag is of 
purple crossed diagonally with a white band bearing the soror- 
ity letters in purple, the purple fields displaying a triangle 
and a circle in white. 

Colors — Purple and White. Flower — Violet. Jewel — 
None. Open Motto — Faithful unto Death. Insignia — Skull, 
Cross-Bones, Triangle, Circle. Patron — None. 

Magazine — The Triangle — 1905. 

Convention — Detroit, August, 1921. 

Zeta Phi 

(Medicine) 
May 29, 1900 

President, Dr. Edith Hale Swift, 110 Bay State Rd., Boston. 
Secretary, Dr. Alice H. Bigelow, 13 Warren Sq., Jamaica 

Plain, Mass. 

Chapter Roll 

Johns Hopkins, Syracuse, Toronto, Tufts, Women's Medi- 
cal College of Pennsylvania. 

The total membership is 150, the active membership 25, 
the average initiation 10. The badge is a quartrefoil of black 
enamel, bearing a caduceus with wings and rod in white and 
serpents in gold. The letters Zeta and Phi appear to left and 
right of the caduceus. 

Colors — Black, White and Gold. Flower — Daisy. 

Convention — Undecided. 



I 



JUNIOR COLLEGE SORORITIES 

Beta Sigma Omicron 

December 12, 1888 

Grand Council 

President, Erna B. Watson, Hamilton College, Lexington, Ky. 
Vice-President, Florence M. Fenner, 3948 Wyandotte St., 

Kansas City, Mo. 
Secretary, Janie Gilreath, 621 Buncombe St., Greenville, S. C. 
Treasurer, Florence Poteet, 1012 Manheim Rd., Kansas City, 

Mo. 
Editor, Ina May Newton, Long Beach, Miss. 

Chapter Roll 

Belhaven, Centenary, Central, Greenville, Grenada, Ham- 
ilton,"^ Hardin, Stephens, Synodical. 

Beta Sigma Omicron has 9 chapters and 15 alumnae as- 
sociations. The total membership is 2,000, the active mem- 
bership 200, the average initiation 100. The badge is a mono- 
gram of the sorority letters, the Beta inside the Omicron and 
the Sigma, jewelled, superimposed upon the Omicron. The 
pledge pin is a triangle of red enamel with a gold star in each 
corner and a Grecian lamp in the centre. The flag is composed 
of three horizontal bars, the centre one red and the two out- 
side pink. The sorority letters are in red on the upper pink 

*Cf. Transylvania. 



100 Junior Sororities 

bar. On the lower pink bar are three stars in red. The of- 
ficial banner is triangular, broadly banded with red and with 
a pink centre. The sorority letters are in pink and are placed 
in the corners. The date of founding, 1888, is in red in the 
centre of the pink field. 

Colors — Ruby and Pink. Flower- — Richmond and Killar- 
ney Roses. Jewel — Ruby. Open Motto — We live to do Good. 
Insignia — Stars, Covenant, Lamp, Laurel. Patron — Hestia. 
Call — Taxu-Taxu-Taxu-Ton, Beta Sigma Omicron. 

Magazine — The Beta Sigma Omicron — 1905. 

Esoteric Magazine — The Lamp — 1913. 

Convention — Colorado, 1921. 

Eta Upsilon Gamma 

November, 1901 
Grand Officers 

President, Mrs. A. H. Smith, 620 N. Union St., Independence, 
Mo. 

Vice-President, Mrs. Wm. Kent Cooper, 36 Liberty St., James- 
town, N. Y. 

Secretary, Mrs. Ralph Buckner, Casper, Wyo. 

Treasurer, Elizabeth Plunkett, 621 W. 59th St., Kansas City, 
Mo. 

Organizers, Isabel Craig Rader, 510 E. Main St., Jefferson 
City, Mo. ; Sue Holmes, 814 Russell St., Nashville, Tenn. 

Editor, Mrs. Wm. Kent Cooper, 36 Liberty St., Jamestown, 
N. Y. 



Junior Sororities 101 

Chapter Roll 

Belhaven, Centenary, Central, Greenville, Hardin, Stephens, 
Synodical. 

Eta Upsilon Gamma has 7 chapters and 6 alumnae associa- 
tions. The total membership is 2,000, the active membership 
100, the average initiation 90. The badge is diamond-shaped, 
the central portion being of black enamel and bearing the so- 
rority's letters, clasped hands, a skull and cross-bones. The 
pledge pin is clasped hands of gold. The scholarship pin is a 
Grecian lamp of gold, with a diamond flame, and bearing the 
sorority letters in black enamel. The flag is of green with 
gold lettering and a gold coat-of-arms. 

Colors — Olive Green and Gold. Flower — Yellow Rose. 
JeweJ — Diamond. Open Motto — Be Strong in the Truth. In- 
signia — Clasped Hands, Skull, Cross-Bones, Lamp, Triangle, 
Unicorn. 

Magazine — The Adamas — 1909. 

Convention — Undecided, 1922. 

Sigma Iota Chi 

December, 1903 
Grand Chapter 

President, Ethlyn Wisegarner, Mansfield, 111. 
Secretary, Velva Thompson, La Belle, Mo. 
Historian, Nan Stevens, Russellville, Mo. 
Custodian, Edith Salyer, Navasota, Tex. 
Representative, Anna M. Camp, Lumberton, Miss. 



102 Junior Sororities 

Chapter Roll 

Belhaven, Centenary, Central, Greenville, Hardin, Stephens. 

Sigma Iota Chi has 6 chapters, and 5 alumnae associations. 
The total membership is 1,200, the active membership 100, the 
average initiation 90. The badge is a gold shield bearing a 
skull and cross-bones in black enamel and a white scroll dis- 
playing the sorority letters. The pledge pin is a shield of 
purple enamel with the letters in gold. There is no official flag. 

Colors — Purple and Gold. Flower — Violet. Jewel — Ame- 
thyst. Open Motto — Deus^ Lihertas, Lex. Insignia — Eagle, 
Arm, Star. Patron — None. Call — None. 

Magazine — The Parchment — 1907. 

Convention — St. Louis, Mo., 1921. 



NECROLOGY OF CHAPTERS 

Alpha Chi Omega— Bucknell University, 1898-99. 

Alpha Delta Pi — Wesleyan College, 1851-1916; Salem College, 
1905-09; Mary Baldwin Seminary, 1906-08; Alabama, 
1907-08; Judson College, 1910-19; Alabama Women's Col- 
lege, 1910-13. 

xA.lpha Gamma Delta — Wesleyan University, 1906-12; De 
Pauw University, 1908-1919. 

Alpha Kappa Psi— St. Mary's School, 1904-11; Virginia 
Female Institute, 1904-09; Wesleyan College,* 1907-13; 
Stetson University,* 1909-13; Shorter College, 1911-12; 
Florida,* 1908-16; Synodical,t 1913-16. 

Alpha Omicron Fi— Barnard; 1897-1915. 

Alpha Phi— Barnard, 1903-15. 

Alpha Sigma Alpha — Lewisburg Institute, 1904-07; Columbia 
College (S. C), 1904-10; Mary Baldwin Seminary, 1905- 
08; Fauquier Institute, 1905-06; Fairmount Seminary, 
1906-08; Ward Seminary, 1907-10; Randolph-Macon 
Woman's College,§ 1908-13; St. Mary's School, 1909-11; 
Brenau,* 1909-14; Mt. Union,* 1909-14; Shorter College, 
1910-12; Hamilton School, 1911-12. 

Beta Sigma Omicron — Christian, 1888-92 1910-15; Missouri 
Valley College, 1892-93; Sedalia, Mo. High School, 1898- 
1906; Pueblo, Colo., High School, 1902-06; Mary Baldwin 
Seminary, 1903-08; Ward-Belmont, 1903-15; Fairmount 
Seminary, 1904-12; Potter College, 1906-09; Brenau, 1907- 
14; Liberty College, 1908-13; Crescent College, 1909-14; 

•Affiliated with Delta Delta Delta. 
fAffiliated with Pi Beta Phi. 
tAffiliated with Eta Upsilon Gamma. 



104 Necrology of Chapters 

Woman's College of Alabama, 1911-13; Colorado Woman's 
College, 1914-20; Lindenwood College, 1915-20. 

Chi Omega — Jessamine Female Institute, 1898-02; Hellmuth 
Woman's College, 1899-1900; Belmont College, 1899-1903; 
University of Mississippi, 1899-1912; Union University, 
1903-11; Barnard, 1906-15. 

Delta Delta Delta— Wesleyan University, 1895-1912 ; Barnard, 
1903-15; Mississippi, 1904-12; Wooster, 1912-14; Wes- 
leyan College, 1913-16; Judson College, 1913-19. 

Delta Gamma — Warren Female Institute* 1874-89; Water 
Valley Seminary, 1877-80; Fairmount College, 1877-80; 
Bolivar College, 1878-81 ; Franklin College, 1878-83 ; Han- 
over College, 1881-87 ; Synodical College, 1882-85 ; Mt. Un- 
ion College, 1882-1909; St. Lawrence University, 1884-87; 
Adelbert College, 1883-88; University of Southern Cali- 
fornia, 1887-97. 

Eta Upsilon Gamma — Christian, 1901-15; Forest Park Uni- 
versity, 1903-12 ; Lindenwood College, 1905-20, Potter Col- 
lege, 1907-09; Judson, 1910-14; Brenau College, 1910-11; 
ColoradoWoman's College, 1910-20 ;Ward-Belmont, 1912-15. 

Gamma Phi Beta — Barnard, 1901-15. 

Kappa Alpha Theta— Moore's Hill College, 1871-74; Illinois 
Wesleyan University, 1875-95 ; Wooster University, 1875- 
1913; Ohio University, 1876-86; Simpson College, 1879- 
91 ; Ohio Wesleyan University, 1881-81 ; Hanover College, 
1882-99; Wesleyan University, 1883-87; Albion College, 
1887-1908; University of the Pacific, 1889-90; Barnard, 
1898-1915. 

*Known also as Louis Institute and Oxford Female Institute, and located 
at Oxford, Miss. 



Necrology of Chapters 105 

Kappa Delta — Virginia Normal School, 1897-1912; Chatham 
Episcopal Institute, 1902-04,- Sub-rosa, 1902-04; Gunston 
Hall, 1903-12; Fairmount Seminary, 1903-12; St. Mary's 
School, 1904-11; Judson College, 1904-19; Columbia Col- 
lege, 1905-10; Caldwell College, 1907-08; Woman's College 
Alabama, 1913-13. 

Kappa Kappa Gamma — Monmouth College, 1870-84; St. 
Mary's School (Knoxville, 111.,), 1871-74; Smithson Col- 
lege, 1872-75 ; Rockford Seminary, 1874-76 ; Wooster, 
1876-1913; Franklin College, 1879-84; Simpson College, 
1880-90 ; Ohio Wesleyan University, 1880-84 ; Lassell Sem- 
inary, 1881-82; Barnard, 1891-1915. 

Phi Mn— Wesleyan College, 1852-1916; Salem College, 1904- 
09; St. Mary's School, 1906-10; Chevy Chase School, 1907- 
10; Hardin College, 1907-11; Belmont College, 1907-11; 
Shorter College, 1911-12. 

Phi Mu Gamma— Fo//m.y College,^ 1898-1916; The Ely School, 
1902-06; Brenau, 1902-14 ; Judson College,! 1904-13; Lou- 
isiana State University, 1908-10; Potter College, 1908-09; 
New England Conservatory,^ 1908-15; Shorter College, 
1910-12; Newcomb,^ 1910-14; Woman's College of Ala- 
bama, 1911-13; Christian, 1914-15; Ward-Belmont, 1914- 
15; Middlebury,t 1914-16. 

Pi Beta Vh\—M onmouth College, 1867-84; Mt. Pleasant Fe- 
male Seminary, 1869-71; De Pauw University, 1870-77; 
Baptist Young Ladies' Seminary, Indianapolis, 1870-71 ; 

tAf?iliated with Delta Delta Delta. 
'Affiliated with Sigma Alpha Iota. 
'Affiliated with Kappa Alpha Theta. 
§Affiliated with Gamma Phi Beta. 



106 Necrology of Chapters 

Illinois Wesleyan College, 1872- ? State Institute, Bloom- 
ington, Indiana, 1872-85 ; Pella College, Pella, Iowa, 
1881- ? Dearborn Seminary, Chicago, 111., 1881-83; Jack- 
sonville Female Academy, Jacksonville, III, 1881-84; Iowa 
State Normal, Bloomfield, Iowa, 1881-85; Carthage Col- 
lege, 1882-88; Nebraska Methodist College, York, Neb., 
1884-92; Coe College, 1884-86; Wesleyan College, Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, 1885-86; Callanan College, 1886-88; Hastings 
College, 1887-90; Barnard, 1904-15; Wooster, 1910-13. 

Sigma Iota Chi — Alexandria, La.,^ 1903-06; Winchester Nor- 
mal College, 1904-07; Cincinnati Conservatory,*}* 1904-15; 
Hannah Moore Academy, 1906-08; National Cathedral 
School, 1907-08; Potter College, 1907-09; Virginia College, 
1907-10; Hagerman College, 1907-10; Gunston Seminary, 
1908-10; Crescent College, 1909-11; Lindenwood College, 
1909-20; Brenau College, 1910-13; Shorter College, 1910- 
12; Ward-Belmont, 1914-15; Colorado Woman's College, 
1915-20. 

Sigma Kappa — Brown University, 1908-12. 

Sigma Sigma Sigma — Lewisburg Seminary, 1903-08; Ran- 
dolph-Macon Woman's College,^ 1904-11; Searcy Insti- 
tute, 1905-07; Hollins,$ 1905-14; Southwestern Univer- 
sity,$ 1905-11 ; Frederick Woman's College, 1906-07. 

Zeta Tau Alpha — Virginia Normal School, 1898-1906; Hannah 
Moore Academy, 1900-04; Mary Baldwin Seminary, 1904- 
06; Richmond College, 1905-08; Judson College, 1905-19. 

*Sigma Iota Chi was founded by graduates of two sister schools, located 
at Alexandria, St. James and St. Xavier. The society had no constitution until 
1906, when the Belmont Chapter, founded in 1905, became incorporated under the 
laws of Tennessee. 

tAffiliated with Mu Phi Epsilon. 

JAffiliated with Delta Delta Delta when Sigma Sigma Sigma became an 
educational sorority. 



HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Honorary Greek-letter societies grow more numerous with 
the years, as speciaHzation leads most naturally to differentia- 
tion in degrees, and as university authorities endeavor to find 
some way of adding distinction to the student who has done 
work of unusual excellence. Women are at present eligible to 
membership in eight, — Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Phi Kappa 
Phi, Alpha Omega Alpha, Kappa Delta Pi, Mu Phi Epsilon, 
Theta Sigma Phi and Pi Lambda Theta. The last three were 
founded by and for women. 

Of the five honorary societies open to both men and wo- 
men, Phi Beta Kappa stands for a liberal culture as repre- 
sented by the humanities, and Sigma Xi seeks to exalt scien- 
tific studies to a place of honor among the humanities, while 
Phi Kappa Phi aims to recognize high rank in any department 
of collegiate education. Alpha Omega xA^lpha was established 
for medical students, and has high scholarship, honorably ac- 
quired and honestly employed, as its object. Kappa Delta Pi 
is for those who expect to enter the teaching profession, and 
therefore endeavors to encourage in its members a high de- 
gree of consecration to social service. 

Of the three honorary societies founded for women, Mu 
Phi Epsilon is for those specializing in music. Theta Sigma 
Phi seeks to confer honor 'on those who have distinguished 
themselves in journalism either as undergraduates or in the 
profession. Pi Lambda Theta is for students in schools of 
education connected with universities. 



108 Honorary Societies 

Phi Beta Kappa 

Phi Beta Kappa was founded by five students at the Col- 
lege of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va., on December 
5, 1776. Its avowed purpose was ''A happy spirit and resolu- 
tion of attaining the important ends of society.'' With this 
aim in view much attention was given to essays and debates 
with an anniversary banquet as an outlet for the youthful 
spirits of the members. The society was essentially secret, had 
a most binding oath of fidelity and a peculiar token of saluta- 
tion. The original records give no clue to the source from 
which came the inspiration to form this secret Greek-Letter 
society, but the philosophical clubs then so common among the 
students at French and German universities may have led the 
founders to establish an organization that should stand for 
good fellowship. Then, too, the stirring times in which they 
lived, the burning oratory of Virginia patriots, the very 
Declaration of Independence itself, doubtless suggested the 
value of a united brotherhood. 

Early provision was made for placing branches elsewhere, 
for the organizers believed it was ''Repugnant to the liberal 
principles of Societies that they should be confined to any 
particular place, Men or Description of Men, but that they 
should be extended to the wise and virtuous of every degree 
and of whatever country.'' The records show that Beta, Gam- 
ma and Delta charters were granted, but do not indicate that 
such branches were organized. The War of the Revolution 
may have put an end to them as it did to the parent society. 
On January 3, 1781, the British fleet appeared off the coast 
and three days later the last meeting was held. It is interesting 



Honorary Societies 109 

to learn from history that nearly one-third of the fifty mem- 
bers enlisted in the Continental Army, that seventeen served 
in the state legislature, that eight were members of the Vir- 
ginia convention which ratified the Federal Constitution, that 
two became United States Senators and five Representatives, 
that many of the others were famous men in their day. 

No attempt was made to revive the society at William and 
Mary until 1849. Two years later it was finally reestablished, 
but the reorganized society had existed less than a decade, 
when the Civil War broke out. A second reorganization was 
eflfected in 1893, and the mother chapter is now in a vigorous 
condition and likely to remain so for many a year. The sus- 
pension of meetings in 1781 would in all probability have rung 
the death-knell of this most interesting organization had it 
not been for the fact that a Northern man, "Elisha Parmele, 
Harvard, 78, went to Williamsburg for a season. While 
resident there, he was invited to become a member, as it was 
thought that he might be of assistance to the society in its 
plans for extension. Mr. Parmele was initiated on July 31, 
1779, and immediately asked for permission to establish 
branches at Harvard and Yale. The charters were called the 
Alpha of Massachusetts Bay and the Alpha of Connecticut. 
Eight years later these two chapters granted a charter for a 
branch at Dartmouth, and for thirty years these colleges con- 
stituted the roll. 

When the Morgan craze against Free Masonry was arous- 
ing all New England in 1831, John Quincy Adams, Judge 
Story and other prominent members prevailed upon the Har- 
vard society to give up its secrets. Edward Everett was sent to 
the Yale society to secure acquiescence. The records say 



110 Honorary Societies 

that, ''He touchingly set forth that the students of Harvard 
had such conscientious scruples as to keep them from taking 
the oath of secrecy, and the society hfe was thus endangered. 
There was stout opposition, but the motion prevailed and the 
missionary returned to gladden the tender conscience of the 
Harvard boys/' 

The establishement of the branch at Union College in 1817 
gave rise to the fraternity system of the present time, because 
it led directly to the founding of Kappa Alpha in 1825. The 
newer organizations with their charm of secrecy appealed 
strongly to the undergraduates, and little by little, as greater 
emphasis was laid upon scholastic records and honor men 
alone were elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa, it tran- 
spired that the mother of fraternities lost many of its original 
characterisitcs *and came to stand, as it does today, for a 
brotherhood of scholars. 'Tor nearly half a century," wrote 
Edward Everett Hale, in his Fossil from the Tertiary, which 
was published in the Atlantic Monthly of July, 1879, "it was 
the only society in America that could pretend to be devoted 
to literature and philosophy." And it happened, therefore, 
that in the infant literature of the nation some noteworthy 
steps are marked by orations and poems delivered before the 
Phi Beta Kappa. Among the famous men whose names have 
appeared upon the programs of the great public gatherings of 
the society are Adams, Everett, Story, Sumner, Beecher, Wen- 
dell Phillips, Webster, Choate, Bryant, Emerson, Holmes and 
Longfellow. The hundredth anniversary was noteworthy as 
suggesting the culmination of a movement that resulted in the 
formation in April of 1877 of an alumni association in New 
York City, known as the Phi Beta Kappa alumni. 



Honorary Societies 111 

For more than a century the custom prevailed of requiring 
the consent of all Alpha chapters before a new Alpha could 
be established in a new state, all subsequent charter grants in 
that state being dependent upon the will of the Alpha. This 
most unsatisfactory method of establishing new chapters, the 
impossiblity of demanding uniform standards of scholarship, 
the entire lack of unity in a movement that was without defi- 
nite organization, the absence of any system of literary activ- 
ity, were conditions generally deplored, but no attempt was 
made to evolve a national organization until the Harvard chap- 
ter celebrated its centenary on June 30, 1881. At this time 
the idea of a governing body was suggested, a committee ap- 
pointed to draft a constitution. This document was drawn up 
on October 18, 1881, and referred to the chapters. At Sara- 
toga Springs, September 6-7, 1882, delegates from fifteen 
chapters unanimously adopted a constitution, which was rat- 
ified in 1883 by sufficient chapters to put it into operation. 
The organization was known henceforth as 'The United 
Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa.'' 

Under the present arrangement all applications for char- 
ters must be made to the vSenate, which is composed of tw^enty 
prominent members of national reputation, who hold their of- 
fice for six years. Each application must be endorsed by at 
least five existing chapters. The charter grants depend to a 
large extent upon the recommendations of the Senate, but the 
final decision is made at the Triennial Council. No charters 
are issued without the consent of delegations representing a 
majority of all the chapters. Since the new constitution went 
into effect, the society has given evidence of greatly increased 
vigor. Thirteen triennial councils have been held and nearly 



112 Honorary Societies 

seventy charter grants have been made. Much has been done 
also to bring about the unification of the chapters and to se- 
cure higher standards. Only such institutions as grant the A. 
B. degree in regular course are eligible for charters and no 
chapter is allowed to elect to membership more than one- fourth 
of the graduating class. The recent movement to gather val- 
uable historical data and to publish periodical literature, cul- 
minating in a quarterly, called The Phi Beta Kappa Key, is 
a most important one. The Elisha Parmele Scholarship, for 
which a fund had been accumulating, became effective in 
1911, and is devoted to educating at William and Mary Col- 
lege a son* of a worthy Phi Beta Kappa member. 

Women were first admitted to membership in the year 
1875 by the chapter at the University of Vermont. The Cor- 
nell chapter has never made any sex distinction since its or- 
ganization in 1882. The number of women on the rolls, how- 
ever, was very small up to the year 1900, for until that time 
few chapters existed at colleges open to them. The decision 
of recent conventions to grant charters to independent colleges 
for women, beginning with Vassar in 1899, and the election 
of several women to the Senate, indicate that Phi Beta Kappa 
is well on the road to becoming truly representative of the 
highest scholarship in the United States. 

*If William and Mary should admit women, daughters will be eligible to 
the scholarship. 



Honorary Societies 113 

Alpha Omega Alpha 

August 25, 1902 
Officers 

President, Dean John L. Heffron, M. D., Sc. D., Syracuse Uni- 
versity Medical Department, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Vice-President, Prof. John J. Mackenzie, M. B., University 
of Toronto Medical Department, Toronto, Canada. 

Secretary-Treasurer, William W. Root, B. S., M. D., Box 500, 
Utica, N. Y. 

Chapter Roll 

California, Chicago, Cincinnati, Columbia, Cornell, Har- 
vard, Illinois, Indiana, Jefferson, Johns Hopkins, McGill, 
Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Northwestern, Pennsylvania, 
Pittsburgh, Syracuse, Toronto, Tulane, Washington, Western 
Reserve. 

The badge is a watch key bearing the society's letters and 
the year of founding. To Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering is 
the motto of the society. 

Next Convention — With American Medical Association. 

Kappa Delta Pi 

March 11, 1911 
National Officers 

President, Dr. Wm. C. Bagley, Columbia University. 
Vice-President, Dr. Wm. W. Phelan, University of Oklahoma. 



114 Honorary Societies 

Sec.-Treas., Mabel I. Payne, Drake University. 
Counsellor, President Frank E. Thompson, University of Col- 
orado. 
Editor, Prof. Alfred L. Hall-Quest, University of Cincinnati. 

Chapter Roll 

Cincinnati, Colorado, Colorado State Teachers College, 
Columbia, Drake, Illinois, Kansas State Teachers College-at- 
Emporia, Oklahoma, Purdue, Texas. 

The badge is a gold scroll displaying the letters Kappa Delta 
Pi and a beehive. The motto of the society is Knowledge, 
Duty, Power. 

M^g^zmt— Kappa Delta Pi Record— 1920. 

Mu Phi Epsilon 

November 13, 1903 
National Officers 

President, Mrs. Doris Benson, 447 Oakdale Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Vice-President, Lilyan Braden, Lawrence Conservatory Ap- 
pleton, Wis. 

Secretary, Persis Heaton, Simpson Conservatory, Indianola, la. 

Treasurer, Mildred Rood, Northwestern University School 
of Music, Evanston, 111. 

Historian, Mrs. Dorothy Watson, 1112 Fairmount St., Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Chapter Roll 

Brenau, Bucknell, Chicago Conservatory, Chicago Musical 
College, Cincinnati Conservatory, Comb's Conservatory, De- 



Honorary Societies 115 

troit Conservatory, Drake, Horner Institute, Ithaca Conser- 
vatory, Kansas, Kroeger School of Music, Lawrence, Metro- 
politan Colleges of Music (Cincinnati, and Indianapolis), Mc- 
Phail School of Music, Michigan, Mt. Union, New England 
Conservatory, Northwestern, Oregon, Pennsylvania College of 
Music, Simpson, Syracuse, Toledo Conservatory, University 
School of Music (Lincoln, Neb.), Washington College of Mu- 
sic, Washington State, Washington State College. 

The badge is a jeweled triangle bearing the sorority letters, 
and supporting another of black enamel ornamented with a 
lyre in gold. 

Colors — Royal Purple and White. Flower — Violet. 

Magazine — Mu Phi Epsilon Triangle — 1905. 

Next Convention — Washington, D. C, June, 1922. 

Phi Beta Kappa 

December 5, 1776 
Officers 

President, Edward A. Birge, LL.D., Madison, Wis. 
Director, Francis W. Shepardson, LL.D., Springfield, 111. 
Secretary, Rev. Oscar M. Yorhees, D. D., 350 East 146th St., 
New York, N. Y. 

Chapter Roll 

Alabama, Allegheny, Amherst, Bates, Beloit, Boston, Bow- 
doin. Brown, California, Carleton, C. C. N. Y., Chicago, Cin- 
cinnati, Colby, Colgate, Colorado, Colorado College, Columbia, 
Cornell, Dartmouth, Denison, DePauw, Dickinson, Franklin 



116 Honorary Societies 

and Marshall, Georgia, Goucher, Grinnell,* Hamilton, Har- 
vard, Haverford, Hobart, Hunter, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
Johns Hopkins, Kansas, Kenyon, Knox, Lafayette, Lawrence, 
Lehigh, Marietta, Miami, Michigan, Middlebury, Minnesota, 
Missouri, Mt. Holyoke, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, 
North Dakota, Northwestern, Oberlin, Ohio State, Ohio Wes- 
leyan, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Pomona, Princeton, Radcliffe, 
Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Rochester, Rutgers, Smith, 
Stanford, St. Lawrence, Swarthmore, Syracuse, Texas, Trin- 
ity, Trinity, (N. C), Tufts, Tulane, Union, Vanderbilt, Vas- 
sar, Vermont, Virginia, Wabash, Washington, Washington 
State, Washington and Lee, Wellesley, Wesleyan, Western 
Reserve, West Virginia, Whitman, William and Mary, Will- 
iams, Wisconsin, Yale. 

The badge was at first a square silver medal bearing on one 
side the letters S. P. and on the other the Greek initials of the 
society's motto. Early in the Northern history of the frater- 
nity the familiar watch key pattern of the present day came 
into use. There were many styles and for years much latitude 
was allowed, but since 1910 there has been a standard badge. 
On one side are the Greek letters, which stand for the words 
Philosophia Biou Kubernetes, The Love of Wisdom, the Guide 
of Life, and a hand pointing to three stars, symbolic of the so- 
ciety's lofty aspirations. The reverse bears the date of found- 
ing, the owner's name, college and class, and the letters S. P., 
which mean Societas Philosophiae. 

Colors — Pink and Blue. 

Magazine— r/^^ Phi Beta Kappa Key— \9\0. 

Next Convention — Cleveland, September, 1921. 

*The corporate name is Iowa College. 



Honorary Societies 117 

Phi Kappa Phi 

July 14, 1897 
Officers 

President, James S. Stevens, M.S., LL.D., Orono, Me. 
Secretary, L. H. Pammel, M.S., Ames, Iowa. 
Registrar, L. E. Woodman, M.S., Rolla, Mo. 
Treasurer, C. H. Gordon, M. A., Knoxville, Tenn. 

Chapter Roll 

Arizona, Alabama Polytechnic, Cornell, Delaware, Florida, 
Georgia School of Technology, Iowa State College, Kansas 
State College, Maine, Mass. Agr. College, Missouri School of 
Mines, Nebraska Wesleyan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Da- 
kota Agr. College, Oklahoma Agr. College, Pennsylvania State 
College, Rhode Island State College, Syracuse, Tennessee, Utah 
Agr. College, Washington State College, Wisconsin. 

The badge, which may be worn as a pendant, pin or medal, 
is a flattened globe, bearing the letters Phi Kappa Phi and sur- 
rounded by the rays of the sun arranged in eight groups. The 
society's motto is The Love of Learning Rules the World, The 
seal is a facsimile of the badge surrounded by a circle, above 
which is a row of stars to indicate the number of chapters, and 
below the words, "Founded 1897." The ribbon of the frater- 
nity is white bearing in black the letters of the fraternity and 
the walls of Troy. The gown is of black with the ribbon on 
the front edge of the sleeves. 

Colors — Black and White. 

Next Convention — December, 1921. 



118 Honorary Societies 

Pi Lambda Theta 

July 2, 1917 
National Officers 

President, Helen R. Hoopes, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 
Kans. 

Vice-President, Virginia Athen, University of Washington, 
Seattle, Wash. 

Secretary, Katharine Foulke, University of Pittsburgh, Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

Recorder, Mrs. E. I. Axon, University of Missouri, Columbia, 

Mo. 
Treasurer, Miss Ruth Austin, Syracuse University, Syracuse, 

N. Y. 

Chapter Roll 

Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, 
Syracuse, Washington State. 

The badge is a gold key modelled after the Egyptian key of 
life, and displays the letters Pi Lambda Theta and an Egyp- 
tian sceptre. 

Colors — Blue and Gold. 

Flower — Yellow Rose. 

Next Convention — July, 1921. 



Honorary Societies 119 

Sigma Xi 

November, 1886 
Officers 

President, Clarence E. McClung, Ph. D., University of Penn- 
sylvania. 
Secretary, Henry B. Ward, Ph. D., University of Illinois. 
Treasurer, George B. Pegram, Ph.D., Columbia University. 

Chapter Roll , 

Brown, California, Case, Chicago, Colorado, Columbia, 
Cornell, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, 
Mayo Foundation, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, 
North Carolina, North Dakota, Northwestern, Ohio State, 
Pennsylvania, Purdue, Rensselaer, Stanford, Syracuse, Texas, 
Union, Washington, Washington State, Wisconsin, Worcester, 
Yale. 

The badge is a gold key bearing a monogram of the Sigma 
and Xi in black enamel. The motto, Spoudon Xunones, means 
Companions in Zealous Research. The seal is a laurel wreath 
surrounding ten stars and a lamp of research. 

Colors — Electric Blue and White. 

Magazine — Sigma Xi Quarterly — 1913. 

Next Convention — December 30, 1921. 



120 Honorary Societies 

Theta Sigma Phi 

April 8, 1909 
National Officers 

President, Mrs. Margaret G. Stone, 126 Claremont Ave., New 
York City. 

Vice-President, Sally Spensley, Leamington Hotel, Minne- 
apolis. 

Secretary, Harriett E. Daily, 804 S. High St., Columbus, O. 

Treasurer, Opal. Cannon, 407 Robinson St., Danville, 111. 

Organizer, Grace Edgington, University of Washington, Se- 
attle, Wash. 

Editor, Mrs. Merze M. Seeburger, 942 28th St., Des Moines, 
la. 

Chapter Roll 

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa State College, Kansas, Kansas State 
College, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Ohio State, 
Oklahoma, Oregon, Stanford, Washington State, Wisconsin. 

The badge is a small gold linotype matrix, and displays the 
letters Theta Sigma Phi and a torch. 

Colors — Violet and Green. 

Magazine — The Matrix — 1915. 

Next Convention, June, 1922. 



THE ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGIATE ALUMNAE 

November, 1881 
General Officers 

President, Mrs. Marvin B. Rosenberry, 1717 Kendall Ave., 
Madison, Wis. 

Executive Secretary, Mrs. Gertrude S. Martin, 934 Stewart 
Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Vice-President-at-large, Mrs. R. B. Morgan, 35 ''B'' St., N. 
W., Washington, D. C. 

Treasurer, Mrs. Katharine P. Pomeroy, 938 Glengyle PI, Chi- 
cago. 

Roll 

Akron, Allegheny, Barnard, Bates, Beloit, Boston, Brown, 
Bryn Mawr, California, Carleton, Chicago, Cincinnati, Clark,^ 
Coe, Colorado College, Colorado, Columbia, Cornell College, 
Cornell, De Pauw, Drake, Earlham, Elmira, Franklin, Goucher, 
Grinnell, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State College, Johns 
Hopkins, Kansas, Knox, Lake Erie, Lake Forest, Lawrence, 
Mass. Inst. Tech., McGill, Miami, Michigan, Mills, Milwau- 
kee-Downer, Minnesota, Missouri, Morningside, Mt. Holyoke, 
Nebraska, North Dakota, Northwestern, Oberlin, Ohio State, 
Ohio Wesleyan, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania State Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania, Pomona, Purdue, Radcliffe, Randolph-Ma- 
con, Reed, Ripon, Rochester, Rockford, Smith, Stanford, St. 

*Only those women are eligible in italicized universities who hold ad- 
vanced non-professional degrees. 



122 Association of Collegiate Alumnae 

Catherine, St. Elizabeth, St. Teresa, Swarthmore, Syracuse, 
Texas, Toronto, Trinity, Tufts, Vassar, Vermont, Washington, 
Washington State, Wellesley, Wells, Western Reserve, Whit- 
man, William Smith, Wisconsin, Wooster, Yale. 

Branches 

Albany, Alva, Ames, Ann Arbor, Appleton, Atlantic City, 
Battle Creek, Bellingham, Beloit, Binghampton, Bloomington, 
111., Bloomington, Ind., Boston, Buffalo, Cedar Rapids, Cha- 
nute, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Colorado Springs, Col- 
umbia, Columbus, Corning, Davenport, Delaware, Denver, 
Des Moines, Detroit, Duluth, Elgin, Elmira, El Paso, Eugene, 
Fairmont, Fall River, Flint, Fresno, Glenn Falls, Grand Forks, 
Gray's Harbor, Great Falls, Greencastle, Greenwich, Grinnell, 
Helena, Honolulu, Huntington, Imperial, Indianapolis, Ithaca, 
Kalamazoo, Kansas City, Kenosha, Lafayette, Lansing, Lara- 
mie, Lawrence, Lincoln, Los Angeles, Louisville, Madison, 
Manila, Mankato, Marshalltown, Marysville, Milwaukee, Min- 
neapolis, Missoula, Mt. Vernon, New Haven, New London, 
New York, Niles, Northfield, North Yakima, Oberlin, Omaha, 
Oswego, Oshkosh, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Pomona, Port- 
land, (Ore.), Providence, Pueblo, Pullman, Reno, Ripon, Ro- 
chester, Rock Island, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Ber- 
nardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Barbara, 
Seattle, Sheridan, Sioux City, Spokane, Springfield, 111., St. 
Louis, St. Paul, Superior, Syracuse, Tacoma, Toledo, Topeka, 
Tulsa, Urbana, Utica, Valley City, Vermilion, Warrensburg, 
Washington, Wichita. 

Biennial Meeting — Undecided, 192L 



SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGE WOMEN 

July, 1903 
Officers 

President, Mary Leal Harkness, Newcomb College, New Or-^ 

leans. La. 
Secretary, Mrs. Charles Spencer, Edgewood, Birmingham, Ala. 
Treasurer, Alice Wildman, 214 S. 12th St., Columbus, Miss. 

Roll 

Agnes Scott, Akron, Alabama, Allegheny, Barnard, Bates, 
Baylor, Beloit, Boston, Brown, Bryn Mawr, Bucknell, Califor- 
nia, Carleton, Chattanooga, Chicago, Cincinnati, Clark/^ Coe, 
Colby, Colorado College, Colorado, Columbia, Converse, Cor- 
nell College, Cornell, Denison, De Pauw, Dickinson, Doane, 
Drake, Drury, Earlham, Elmira, Fargo, Franklin, George 
Washington, Georgia, Goucher, Grinnell, Hobart, Hunter, Illi- 
nois, Illinois Woman's, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State College, 
Johns Hopkins, Kansas, Kentucky, Knox, Lake Erie, Lake 
Forest, Lawrence, Louisiana, Louisville, Maine, McGill, Mar- 
ietta, Mass. Inst. Technology, Mercer, Miami, Michigan, Mid- 
dlebury, Millikin, Mills, Millsaps, Milwaukee-Downer, Min- 
nesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Morningside, Mt. Holyoke, Ne- 
braska, Newcomb, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, 
Northwestern, Oberlin, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon, Park, 
Parsons, Peabody, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State College, 
Pittsburgh, Pomona, Purdue, Radcliffe, Randolph-Macon, 

*Cf. pg. 121. 



124 Southern Association of College Women 

Reed, Rice, Richmond, Ripon, Rochester, Rockford, Smith, 
South Dakota, Southern, Southwestern, St. Lawrence, Swarth- 
more, Stanford, St. Catherine, St. Elizabeth, St. Teresa, Syra- 
cuse, Tennessee, Texas, Toronto, Transylvania, Trinity, N. C, 
Trinity, D. C, Tufts, Tulane, Union, Vanderbilt, Vassar, Ver- 
mont, Washington, Washington State, Wellesley, Wells, Wes- 
leyan, Western, Western Reserve, Westhampton, West Vir- 
ginia, William Smith, Wisconsin, Wooster, Yale. 

Branches 

Asheville, Atlanta, Baltimore, Baton Rouge, Birmingham, 
Charlotte, N. C, Chattahooches, Columbus, Miss., Durham, 
Fort Worth, Georgia, Greensboro, Greenville, Jackson, Knox- 
ville, Lexington, Macon, Mobile, Montevallo, Montgomery, 
Murfreesboro, Nashville, Natchitoches, New Orleans, Norfolk, 
Raleigh, Richmond, Rome, San Antonio, Tampa, Winston- 
Salem. 

Biennial Meeting — Undecided, 192L 



THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION 

March 10, 1906 
Officers 

President, Henry Smith Pritchett. 
Secretary, Clyde Furst. 
Treasurer, Robert A. Franks. 

Headquarters, 522 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Roll 

Allegheny, Amherst, Bates, Beloit, Bowdoin, Brooklyn 
Polytechnic, Bryn Mawr, California, Carleton, Carnegie, Case, 
Central, Cincinnati, Clark, Clarkson, Coe, Colorado College, 
Columbia, Cornell, Dalhousie, Dartmouth, Dickinson, Drake, 
Drury, Grinnell, Hamilton, Harvard, Hobart, Indiana, Johns 
Hopkins, Knox, Lawrence, Lehigh, McGill, Marietta, Massa- 
chusetts Institute Technology, Michigan, Middlebury, Minne- 
sota, Missouri, Mt. Holyoke, New York, Oberlin, Pennsylva- 
nia, Pittsburgh, Princeton, Purdue, Queen's, Radcliffe, Rensr 
selaer, Ripon, Rochester, Rose, Smith, Stanford, Stevens, 
Swarthmore, Toronto, Trinity, Tufts, Tulane, Union, Vander- 
bilt, Vassar, Vermont, Virginia, Wabash, Washington and Jef- 
ferson, Washington, Wellesley, Wells, Wesleyan, Western Re- 
serve, Whitman, Williams, Wisconsin, Worcester, Yale. 



STATISTICAL DATA 

Adelphi College 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1896; Valuation $750,000;* Endow- 
ment $200,000 ; Faculty 22, Men 14, Women 8; Students 299; 
Tuition $250; Expenses $500 ;t Degrees, B.A., B.S. 

Motto — The truth shall make us free. Colors — Brown and Gold. 

Sororities — 1905, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1907, Kappa Alpha Theta; 
1908, Delta Gamma; 1911, Delta Delta Delta; 1913, Phi Mu; 1916, Al- 
pha Epsilon Phi. 

Adrian College 

Adrian, Mich. 

Methodist Protestant; Opened 1859; Women admitted 
1859; Valuation $500,000; Endowment $100,000; Faculty 24, 
Men 15, Women 9; Students 195, Men 105, Women 90; Tui- 
tion $80; Expenses $375; Degrees, B.A., B.S., B.M., M.A., 
M.S. 

Motto — Let the truth shine. Colors — Canary and Black. 

Sororities — 1882, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1890, Delta Delta Delta. 

University of Akron| 

Akron, Ohio 

Municipal; Opened 1872; Women admitted 1872; Valua- 
tion $800,000; Endowment $200,000; Faculty 33, Men 22, Wo- 

*Grounds, Buildings, Apparatus. 

tAverage annual cost to students in addition to tuition. 

JBuchtel College. 1872-1913. 



Statistical Data 127 

men 11; Students 508, Men 376, Women 132; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., B.S., C.E., M. E., E.E. 

Motto — Let there be light. Colors — Navy Blue and Old Gold, 

Sororities — 1877, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1879, Delta Gamma; 1912, 
Phi Mu. 



University of Alabama 
University, Ala. 

State; Opened 1831; Women admitted 1893; Valuation 
$1,000,000; Endowment $2,000,000; Faculty 57; Students 
1216, Men 992, Women 224; Tuition Free; Expenses $300; 
Degrees, A.B, B.S, A.M., C.E., E.E., M.E., M.D., LL.B. 

Motto — None. Colors — Crimson and White. 

Sororities— 1904, Kappa Delta; 1910, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1914, Delta 
Delta Delta. 

Albion College 

Albion, Mich. 

Methodist Episcopal ; Opened as Seminary 1843 ; as col- 
lege 1861; Women admitted 1843; Valuation $350,000; En- 
dowment $450,000; Faculty 28, Men 19, Women 9; Students 
512, Men 275, Women 237; Tuition $80; Expenses $450; De- 
gree, B. A. 

Motto — Lux Fiat. Colors — Purple and Old Gold. 

Sororities— 1883, Delta Gamma; 1887, Alpha Chi Omega; 1915, 
Alpha Xi Delta. 



128 Statistical Data 

Allegheny College 
Meadville, Pa. 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1815; Women admitted 
1872; Valuation $850,000; Endowment $1,025,000; Faculty 
34, Men 25, Women 9; Students 536, Men 336, Women 200; 
Tuition $200; Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., M.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — Navy Blue and Gold, 

Sororities — 1882, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1888, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 
1891, Alpha Chi Omega; 1912, Alpha Gamma Delta. 

University of Arizona 
Tucson, Ariz. 

State; Opened 1885; Women admitted 1890; Valuation 
$1,200,000; Endowment, $10,500; Faculty 100, Men 75, Wo- 
men 25; Students 1656, Men 1002, Women 654; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., M.S., LL.B., J.D. 

Motto — None. Colors — Red and Blue. 

Sororities— 1917, Kappa Alpha Theta, Pi Beta Phi; 1920, Kappa 
Kappa Gamma. 

University of Arkansas 

Fayetteville, Ark. 

State; Opened 1871; Women admitted in 1871; Valuation 
$1,000,000; Endowment $130,000; Faculty 90, Men 72, Wo- 
men 18; Students 1008, Men 650, Women 358; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, B.A., B.S., C.E., M.S., M.A., M.E., 
C.E., E.E., Ch. E. 

Motto — None. Color — Cardinal. 

Sororities— 1895, Chi Omega; 1903, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1909, Pi Beta 
Phi; 1913, Delta Delta Delta. 



Statistical Data 129 

Baker University 

Baldwin, Kan. . 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1858; Women admitted 

1858; Valuation $1,200,000; Endowment $700,000; Faculty 

35, Men 24, Women 11 ; Students 512, Men 245, Women 267; 

Tuition $75; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B. 

Motto — Let him be Hrst a man. Color — Cadmium. 

Sororities— 1895, Delta Delta Delta ; 1908, Alpha Chi Omega ; 1910, 
Delta Zeta;* 1912, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1916, Phi Mu. 

Beloit College 

Beloit, Wis. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1847; Women admitted 1847; Val- 
uation $608,000; Endowment $1,800,000; Faculty 45, Men 33, 
Women 12; Students 548, Men 305, Women 243; Tuition 
$150; Expenses $700; Degrees, A.B., B.S., M.A., M.S. 

Motto — Scientia Vera Cum Fide Pura. Colors — Black and Gold. 

Sororities— 1919, Pi Beta Phi; 1920, Kappa Delta. 

Bethany College 

Bethany, W. Va. 

Christian; Opened 1841; Women admitted 1881; Valua- 
tion $400,000; Endowment $400,000; Faculty 29, Men 21, 
Women 8; Students 400, Men 260, Women 140; Tuition $90; 
Expenses $325 ; Degrees, A.B., A.M., B.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — White and Green. 

Sororities— 1903, Alpha Xi Delta; 1905, Zeta Tau Alpha. 

♦Inactive 1912-18. 



130 Statistical Data 

Boston University 

Boston, Mass. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1873 ; Women admitted 1873 ; Val- 
uation $2,000,000; Endowment $4,250,000; Faculty 294, Men 
274, Women 20; Students 6665, Men 4411, Women 2254; Tui- 
tion $200; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B., B.S., B.B.A., B.S.S., 
B.E., B.R.E., S.T.B., S.T.D., LL.B., LL.M., LL.D, M.D, 
M.B., Ch.B., A.M., Ph.D. 

Motto — None. Colors — Scarlet and White. 

Sororities — 1882, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1883, Alpha Phi; 1887, 
Gamma Phi Beta; 1888, Delta Delta Delta; 1896, Pi Beta Phi; 1904, 
Sigma Kappa; 1912, Alpha Delta Pi, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1913, Alpha 
Gamma Delta. 

Brenau College 

Gainesville, Ga. 

Nonsectarian; Opened 1878; Valuation $400,000; Faculty 
42, Men 15, Women 27; Women Students 568; Tuition $110; 
Expenses $450; Degrees, A.B., B.O., B.M. 

Motto — None. Colors — Gold and Black, 

Sororities— 1910, Alpha Delta Pi, Phi Mu, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1911, 
Alpha Chi Omega; 1913, Alpha Gamma Delta; 1914, Delta Delta Delta.* 

Bucknell University 

Lewisburg, Pa. 

Baptist; Opened 1846; Women admitted 1880; Women's 
College created 1905; Valuation $550,000; Endowment $600,- 

*Alpha Sigma Alpha, 1909-14. 



Statistical Data 131 

000; Faculty 36, Men 32, Women 4; Students 800, Men 600, 
Women 200; Tuition $192; Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., 
Ph.B., B.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — Orange and Blue. 

Sororities— 1884, Pi Beta Phi; 1904, Delta Delta Delta; 1915, 
Kappa Delta. 

University of Buffalo 

Buffalo, N. Y. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1846; Women admitted 1846; Val- 
uation $1,000,000; Endowment $5,000,000; Faculty 226, Men 
216, Women 10; Students 1459, Men 980, Women 479; Tui- 
tion $200; Expenses $300; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S., 
LL.B., M.D., D.D.S., Ph.G. 

Motto — None, Colors — White and Blue. 

Sororities — 1920, Sigma Kappa. 

Butler College 

Indianapolis, Ind. 

Christian; Opened 1855; Women admitted 1855; Valua- 
tion $300,000; Endowment $450,000; Faculty 29, Men 20, 
Women 9; Students 1004, Men 275, Women 729; Tuition 
$125; Expenses $300; Degrees, A.B., A.M. 

Motto — None. Colors — Blue and White, 

Sororities — 1874, Kappa Alpha Theta;t 1878, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 
1897, Pi Beta Phi; 1914, Delta Delta Delta; 1920, Zeta Tau Alpha. 

tinactive, 1886-1906. 



132 Statistical Data 

University of California 

Berkeley, Cal. 

State; Opened 1868; Women admitted 1868; Valuation 
$14,000,000; Endowment $7,000,000; Faculty 857, Men 817, 
Women 40; Students 11,891, Men 6230, Women 5661; Tui- 
tion Free; Expenses $700; Degrees, A.B., B.S., M.A., M.S., 
Ph.D., C.E., M.E., E.E., Mech.K, M.D., LL.B., D.D.S., Pharm. 
B., Ph.C, J.D. 

Motto — Let there be light. Colors — Blue and Gold. 

Sororities — 1880, Kappa Kappa Gamma ;t 1890, Kappa Alpha 
Theta; 1894, Gamma Phi Beta; 1900, Delta Delta Delta, Pi Beta Phi; 
1901, Alpha Phi; 1902, Chi Omega; 1907, Alpha Omicron Pi, Delta 
Gamma ; 1909, Alpha Chi Omega, Alpha Xi Delta ; 1910, Sigma Kappa ; 
1913, Alpha Delta Pi; 1915, Alpha Gamma Delta, Zeta Tau Alpha, 
Delta Zeta; 1916, Phi Mu; 1917, Kappa Delta; 1905, Alpha Epsilon 
Iota (Med.). 

University of Chattanooga 

Chattanooga, Term. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1904; Women admitted 1904; Val- 
uation $1,200,000; Endowment $250,000; Faculty 13, Men 9, 
Women 4; Students 211, Men 125, Women 86; Tuition $120; 
Expenses $325 ; Degrees, A. B., B.S. 

Motto — Faciamus. Colors — Gold and Blue. 

Sororities — 1919, Chi Omega. 

Cincinnati University 
Cincinnati, Ohio 

Municipal; Opened 1819; Women admitted 1874; Valua- 
tion $3,500,000; Endowment $3,000,000; Faculty 351, Men 

^Inactive, 1885-97. 



Statistical Data 133 

281, Women 70; Students 3436, Men 1957, Women 1479; 
Tuition Free; Expenses $500; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., 
Ph.D. 

Motto — Alta Petit. Colors — Scarlet and Black. 

Sororities — 1885, Kappa Kappa Gamma;* 1892, Delta Delta Delta; 
1913, Kappa Delta, Kappa Alpha Theta, Chi Omega; 1916, Delta Zeta; 
1917, Alpha Chi Omega; 1919, Theta Phi Alpha. 

Coe College 

Cedar Rapids, Iowa 

Nonsectarian; Opened 1881; Women admitted 1881; Val- 
uation $750,000; Endowment $1,200,000; Faculty 36, Men 16, 
Women 20; Students 1048, Men 341, Women 707; Tuition 
$100; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B, B.S., B. Mus. 

Motto — Veritas Virtusque. Colors — Crimson and Gold. 

Sororities— 1911, Kappa Delta; 1912, Delta Delta Delta; 1914, Chi 
Omega; 1917, Alpha Gamma Delta; 1918, Alpha Xi Delta. 

Colby College 

Waterville, Me. 

Baptist; Opened 1820; Women admitted 1871; Women's 
Division created 1890; Valuation $600,000; Endowment $1,- 
000,000; Faculty 25, Men 24, Women 1; Students 450, Men 
275, Women 175 ; Tuition $90; Expenses $300; Degrees, A. B., 
B.S. 
Motto — Lux Mentis Scientia. Colors — Gray and Blue. 

Sororities— 1874, Sigma Kappa; 1906, Chi Omega; 1908, Delta 
Delta Delta; 1915, Alpha Delta Pi; 1917, Phi Mu, 

♦Inactive 1885-1914. 



134 Statistical Data 

Colorado Agricultural College 

Fort Collins, Colo. 

State; Opened 1876; Women admitted 1876; Valuation 
$1,052,590; Faculty 82, Men 58, Women 24; Students 743, 
Men 506, Women 237 ; Tuition Free ; Expenses $400 ; Degrees, 
B.S, D.V.M. 

Motto — Service. Colors — Green and Gold. 

Sororities— 1915, Gamma Phi Beta; 1916, Kappa Delta; 1917, Delta 
Delta Delta, Kappa Alpha Theta. 

University of Colorado 

Boulder, Colo. 

State; Opened 1877; Women admitted 1877; Valuation 
$1,500,000; Endowment None; Faculty 225, Men 190, Women 
35; Students 3254, Men 1472, Women 1782; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $600; Degrees, B.A., B.S, M.A., M.S., Ph.D., C.E., 
E.E, M.E., M.D., LL.B., B.Pharm. 

Motto — Let your light shine. Colors — Silver and Gold. 

Sororities— 1884, Pi Beta Phi; 1885, Delta Gamma; 1901, Kappa 
Kappa Gamma ; 1906, Chi Omega ; 1907, Alpha Chi Omega ; 1910, Delta 
Delta Delta; 1914, Alpha Delta Pi. 

Cornell University 

Ithaca, N. Y. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1868; Women admitted 1868; Val- 
uation $9,000,000; Endowment $15,000,000; Faculty 725, Men 
672, Women 53; Students 5764, Men 4628, Women 1136; 
Tuition $200; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., 



Statistical Data 135 

LLB, M.D., D.V.M., C.E., M.E, M.C.E, M.M.E., B.S. in 
Arch., M.S. in Arch., B.S. in Agr., M.S. in Agr. 

Motto — None. Colors — Carnelian and White. 

Sororities — 1881, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1883, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 
1885, Delta Gamma; 1889, Alpha Phi; 1908, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1909, 
Delta Zeta; 1913, Delta Delta Delta; 1917, Kappa Delta, Chi Omega; 
1918, Alpha Xi Delta; 1919, Pi Beta Phi, Alpha Epsilon Phi. 



University of Denver 

University Park, Colo. 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1864; Women admitted 
1880; Vahiation $450,000; Endowment $500,000; Faculty 90, 
Men 80, Women 10; Students 1214, Men 700, Women 514; 
Tuition $60; Expenses $200 ; Degrees, A.B., A.M., M.S., Ph.D. 

Motto — None. Colors — Red and Yellow. 

Sororities— 1885, Pi Beta Phi; 1897, Gamma Phi Beta; 1908, Sigma 
Kappa; 1914, Kappa Delta; 1917, Delta Zeta; 1920, Alpha Epsilon Phi. 

DePauw University 

Greencastle, Ind. 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1837; Women admitted 
1867; Valuation $800,000; Endowment $2,600,000; Faculty 
47, Men 31, Women 16; Students 942, Men 427, Women 515; 
Tuition $75 ;Expenses $300; Degrees, A.B., A.M. 

Motto — Decus Lumenque Reipublicae Collegium. Color — Old Gold. 

Sororities — 1870, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1875, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 
1885, Alpha Chi Omega; 1888, Alpha Phi; 1907, Alpha Omicron Pi; 
1908, Delta Delta Delta; 1909, Delta Zeta. 



136 Statistical Data 

Dickinson College 

Carlisle, Pa. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1783; Women admitted 1884; Val- 
uation $850,000; Endowment $800,000; Faculty 19; Students 
380, Men 260, Women 120; Tuition $160; Expenses $400; 
Degrees, A.B, Ph.B., B.S. 

Motto — Pietate et Doctrina Tttta Libertas. Colors — Red and White. 
Sororities— 1903, Pi Beta Phi; 1907, Chi Omega; 1919, Phi Mu. 

Drury College 
Springfield, Mo. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1873 ; Women admitted 1873 ; Val- 
uation $550,000; Endowment $1,000,000; Faculty 21, Men 12, 
Women 9; Students 471, Men 224, Women 247; Tuition $65; 
Expenses $200; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., S.M. 

Motto — Christ et Humanitati. Colors — Scarlet and Gray. 

Sororities— 1909, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1913, Pi Beta Phi, Delta Delta 
Delta. 

Eureka College 

Eureka, 111. 

Nonsectarian; Opened 1848; Women admitted 1848; Val- 
uation $250,000; Endowment $200,000; Faculty 25, Men 15, 
Women 10; Students 291, Men 117, Women 174; Tuition $90; 
Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B., B.S. 

Motto — None Colors — Maroon and Old Gold. 

Sororities — 1917, Delta Zeta. 



Statistical Data 137 

Florida State College for Women 

Tallahassee, Fla. 

State ; Opened 1905 ; Faculty 54, Men 12, Women 42 ; Stu- 
dents 662; Tuition Free; Expenses $200; Degrees, A.B., B.S., 
A.M., M.S. 

Motto — Vires, Mores, Artes. Colors — Garnet and Gold, 

Sororities— 1904, Kappa Delta; 1908, Chi Omega; 1909, Alpha 
Delta Pi; 1916, Delta Delta .Delta ;t 1920, Sigma Kappa; 1920, Sigma 
Sigma Sigma (Educ). 

Franklin College 

Franklin, Ind. 

Baptist; Opened 1834; Women admitted 1869; Valuation 
$288,000; Endowment $400,000; Faculty 26, Men 15, Women 
11; Students 438, Men 198, Women 240; Tuition $100; Ex- 
penses $400; Degrees, A.B., B.S. 

Motto — Christianity and Culture. Colors — Navy Blue and Old Gold 

Sororities— 1888, Pi Beta Phi; 1912, Delta Delta Delta; 1920, Delta 
Zeta. 

George Washington University 
Washington, D. C. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1821; Women admitted 1884; Val- 
uation $1,200,000; Endowment $300,000; Faculty 254; Stu- 
dents 2960, Men 1322, Women 1638; Tuition $180; Expenses 
$350; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., Ph.D., C.E., E.E., M.E., 
M.D., Pharm.G., LL.B. 

tAlpha Kappa Psi, 1908-16. 



138 Statistical Data 

Motto — Deus Nobis Fiducia. Colors — Continental Buff and Blue. 

Sororities— 1889, Pi Beta Phi; 1903, Chi Omega; 1906, Sigma 
Kappa; 1915, Phi Mu. : v . . ,c ,-; ^ 

Goucher College 

Baltimore, Md. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1888; Valuation $1,800,000; En- 
dowment $1,200,000; Faculty 50, Men 23, Women 27; Wo- 
men students 791 ; Tuition $225 ; Expenses $450; Degree, A.B. 

Motto — I Thess. V. 23. Colors — Dark Blue and Old Gold. 

Sororities— 1891, Alpha Phi; 1892, Delta Gamma; 1893, Gamma 
Phi Beta; 1896, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1897, Pi Beta Phi; 1899, Delta 
Delta Delta; 1909, Alpha Gamma Delta 

Hanover College 

Hanover, Ind. 

Presbyterian; Opened 1827; Women admitted 1880; Val- 
uation $250,000; Endowment $250,000; Faculty 18, Men 14, 
Women 4; Students 300, Men 140, Women 160; Tuition $75; 
Expenses $250; Degree, A.B. 

Motto — Philosophia Pietati Ancillans. Colors — Red and Blue, 

Sororities— 1913, Phi Mu, Alpha Delta Pi. 

Hillsdale College 

Hillsdale, Mich. 
Nonsectarian ; Opened 1855 ; Women admitted 1855 ; Val- 
uation $175,732; Endowment $500,000; Faculty 24, Men 16, 
Women 7 ; Students 476, Men 200, Women 276 ; Tuition $70 ; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., A.M. 

Motto — Virtus Tentamine Gaudet. Colors — Ultramarine Blue. 

Sororities— 1880, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1887, Pi Beta Phi. 



Statistical Data 139 

HoUins College 

HolHns, Va. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1842; Valuation $400,000; Faculty 
28, Men 10, Women 18; Students 297; Tuition $125; Ex- 
penses $450; Degrees, A.B., B.M. 

Motto — Levavi Oculos. Colors — None. 

Sororities— 1902, Kappa Delta; 1904, Phi Mu; 1914, Delta Delta 
Delta;* 1916, Gamma Phi Beta;t 1917, Pi Beta Phi; 1919, Chi Omega. 

University of Idaho 
Moscow, Idaho 

State; Opened 1892; Women admitted 1892; Valuation 
$1,300,000; Endowment $6,000,000; Faculty 94, Men 76, Wo- 
men 18 ; Students 1014, Men 625, Women 389 ; Tuition Free ; 
Expenses $500; Degrees, B.A., B.S., LL.B., M.A., M.S. 

Motto — Esto Perpetua, Colors — Gold and White. 

Sororities— 1910, Gamma Phi Beta; 1911, Delta Gamma; 1916, 
Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1920, Kappa Alpha Theta. 

University of Illinois 
Urbana, 111. 

State; Opened 1868; Women admitted 1870; Valuation 
$8,000,000; Endowment $647,000; Faculty 891, Men 771, Wo- 
men 120; Students 7839, Men 5977, Women 1862; Tuition 
Free; Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., B.S., B.M., A.M., B.L.S., 
LL.B., Ph.G., Ph.C, M.S., Ph.D., J.D., M.D., D.D.S., M.E., 
C.E., E.E., A.E., E.M., M. Arch. 

*Sigina Sigma Sigma, 1905-14. 
tPhi Mu Gamma, 1898-1916. 



140 Statistical Data 

Motto — Learning and Labor. Colors — Orange and Blue. 

Sororities— 1895, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1895, Pi Beta Phi; 1899, 
Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1899, Alpha Chi Omega; 1900, Chi Omega; 
1905, Alpha Xi Delta; 1906, Sigma Kappa, Delta Gamma; 1911, Alpha 
Omicron Pi; 1912, Alpha Delta Pi; 1913, Gamma Phi Beta; 1918, Alpha 
Gamma Delta; 1919, Theta Phi Alpha; 1920, Alpha Epsilon Phi, Delta 
Delta Delta; 1898, Nu Sigma Phi (Med.); 1899, Alpha Epsilon Iota 
(Med.). 

Illinois Wesleyan University 

Bloomington, 111. 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1850; Women admitted 
1877; Valuation $207,500; Endowment $830,000; Faculty 45, 
Men 30, Women 15; Students 462, Men 217, Women 245; 
Tuition $100; Expenses $450; Degrees, A.B., B.S., LL.B. 

Motto — Scientia et Sapientia. Colors — Green and White. 

Sororities — 1873, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1906, Sigma Kappa; 
1908, Kappa Delta; 1914, Alpha Gamma Delta. 

University of Indiana 
Bloomington, Ind. 

State; Opened 1824; Women admitted 1867; Valuation 
$1,500,000; Endowment $800,000; Faculty 228, Men 208, Wo- 
men 20 ; Students 3838, Men 2070, Women 1768 ; Tuition Free ; 
Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B., B.S, A.M., M.S., Ph.D., LL.B., 
M.D., J.D., LL.M. 

Motto — Lux Et Veritas. Colors — Cream and Crimson. 

Sororities — 1870, Kappa Alpha Theta ; 1872, Kappa Kappa Gamma ; 
1893, Pi Beta Phi; 1898, Delta Gamma; 1909, Delta Zeta; 1916, Alpha 
Omicron Pi; 1917, Delta Delta Delta; 1918, Sigma Kappa; 1920, Phi 
Mu, Theta Phi Alpha; 1910, Nu Sigma Phi (Med.). 



Statistical Data 141 

Iowa State College 

Ames, Iowa 

State; Opened 1868; Women admitted 1868; Valuation 
$4,000,000; Endowment $686,778; Faculty 318, Men 223, Wo- 
men 95 ; Students 4056, Men 3266, Women 790 ; Tuition Free ; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, B.S, C.E., M.E., D.V.M., M.S. A, 
M.S., M.A.E. 

Motto — Science with Practice. . Colors — Cardinal and Gold, 

Sororities— 1877, Pi Beta Phi;* 1889, Delta Delta Delta ;t 1908, 
Kappa Delta; 1911, Alpha Delta Pi; 1917, Alpha Gamma Delta; 1918, 
Gamma Phi Beta. 



University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa 

State; Opened 1855; Women admitted 1855; Valuation 
$5,000,000; Endowment $500,000; Faculty 319, Men 261, Wo- 
men, 58; Students 4933, Men 2903, Women 2030; Tuition 
$40; Expenses $300; Degrees, B.A., B.S., B.E., M.A., M.S., 
Ph.D., LL.B., M.D., D.D.S., Ph.G., Ph.C. 

Motto— None. Color— Old Gold. 

Sororities— 1882, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1882, Pi Beta Phi; 1887, 
Delta Gamma; 1904, Delta Delta Delta; 1911, Alpha Chi Omega; 1912, 
Alpha Xi Delta; 1913, Delta Zeta; 1915, Alpha Delta Pi, Gamma Phi 
Beta; 1919, Chi Omega; 1919, Nu Sigma Phi (Med.). 

♦Inactive 1891-1906. 
tinactive 1891-1912. 



142 Statistical Data 

Iowa Wesleyan College 

Mt. Pleasant, Iowa 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1843; Women admitted 
1843; Valuation $250,000; Endowment $700,000; Faculty 24, 
Men 12, Women 12; Students 265, Men 98, Women 167; Tui- 
tion $90; Expenses $300; Degrees, A.B., B.S., B.M. 

Motto— None, Colors— Blue and White. 

Sororities— 1868, Pi Beta Phi; 1902, Alpha Xi Delta; 1914, Phi Mu; 
1918, Zeta Tau Alpha. 

Kansas State College 

Manhattan, Kan. 

State; Opened 1863; Women admitted 1863; Valuation 
$2,100,000; Income $1,500,000; Faculty 305, Men 209, Women 
96; Students 3440, Men 2355, Women 1045; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $500; Degrees, B.S., M.S., D.V.M. 

Motto — None. Color — Royal Purple. 

Sororities— 1915, Delta Zeta, Pi Beta Phi, Delta Delta Delta, Alpha 
Delta Pi, Chi Omega; 1916, Kappa Kappa Gamma. 

University of Kansas 
Lawrence, Kan. 

State; Opened 1866; Women admitted 1866; Valuation 
$2,500,000; Endowment $150,000; Faculty 239, Men 184, Wo- 
men 55; Students 4002, Men 2456, Women 1546; Tuition $15; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., B.S., M.S., M.A., Ph.D., 
LL.B., CE., E.E., M.E., Ph.C. Mus.B. 

Motto — None. Colors — Harvard Crimson and Yale Blue. 



Statistical Data 143 

Sororities— 1873, Pi Beta Phi; 1881, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1883, 
Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1902, Chi Omega; 1912, Alpha Delta Pi; 1913, 
Sigma Kappa; 1914, Alpha Chi Omega; 1915, Gamma Phi Beta, Alpha 
Xi Delta; 1918, Alpha Omicron Pi. 

University of Kentucky 

Lexington, Ky. 

State; Opened 1866; Women admitted 1880; Valuation 
$1,600,000; Endowment $300,000; Faculty 127, Men 112, Wo- 
men 15; Students 1543, Men 1111, Women 432; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, B.A, B.S., M.A, M.S., Ph.D., C.E., 
M.E., E.E., LL.B. 

Motto — None, Colors — Blue and White. 

Sororities— 1908, Alpha Gamma Delta, Alpha Xi Delta ; 1910, 
Kappa Kappa Gamma, Kappa Delta; 1914, Chi Omega. 

Knox College 

Galesburg, 111. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1840; Women admitted 1845; Val- 
uation $800,000; Endowment $1,000,000; Faculty 35, Men 
24, Women 11; Students 847, Men 283, Women 564; Tuition 
$150; Expenses $450; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., M.S. 

Motto — None, Colors — Purple and Old Gold. 

Sororities— 1884, Pi Beta Phi; 1889, Delta Delta Delta; 1913, 
Phi Mu. 

Lawrence College 
Appleton, Wis. 

Interdenominational; Opened as seminary 1847; Chartered 
as a college 1849 ; Women admitted 1849 ; Valuation $928,000 ; 
Endowment $1,100,000; Faculty 52, Men 38, Women 14; Stu- 



144 Statistical Data 

dents 652, Men 350, Women 302; Tuition $50; Expenses $250; 
Degree, A. B. 

Motto — None. Colors — Yale Blue and White. 

Sororities— 1908, Alpha Delta Pi; 1914, Phi Mu; 1915, Kappa Al- 
pha Theta, Delta Gamma; 1918, Kappa Delta; 1918, Sigma Alpha Iota 
(Mus.). 



Lombard College 

Galesburg, 111. 

Universalist ; Opened 1851 ; Women admitted 1851 ; Valua- 
tion $550,000; Endowment $275,000; Faculty 22, Men 12, 
Women 10; Students 183, Men 101, Women 82; Tuition $130; 
Expenses $600; Degrees, A.B., B.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — Gold and Olive. 

Sororities— 1873, Pi Beta Phi; 1893, Alpha Xi Delta; 1915, Delta 
Zeta. 

University of Louisiana 

Baton Rouge, La. 

State; Opened 1860; Women admitted 1903; Valuation 
$1,500,000; Endowment $5,000,000; Faculty 75, Men 65, Wo- 
men 10; Students 1778, Men 1193, Women 585; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M. A., M.S., C.E., E.E., 
M.E. 

Motto — None. Colors — Old Gold and Purple. 

Sororities— 1908, Kappa Delta; 1914, Alpha Delta Pi; 1917, Delta 
Zeta. 



Statistical Data 145 

University of Maine 

Orono, Me. 

State; Opened 1868; Women admitted 1872; Valuation 
$1,100,000; Endowment $600,000; Faculty 119, Men 102, Wo- 
men 17; Students 1462, Men 1079, Women 383; Tuition $60; 
Expenses $250; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S., C.E., M.E., 
E.E. 

Motto — None. Color — Light Blue. 

Sororities— 1908, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1912, Phi Mu; 1917, Delta 
Delta Delta; 1920, Pi Beta Phi. 

Miami University 
Oxford, Ohio 

State; Opened 1824; Women admitted 1892; Valuation 
$800,000 ; Income $270,000 ; Faculty 83, Men 56, Women 27 ; 
Students 1049, Men 479, Women 570; Tuition $50; Expenses 
$350; Degrees, A.B., B.S. 

Motto — Prodesse Quam Conspici. Colors — Red and White. 

Sororities— 1902, Delta Zeta;* 1911, Delta Delta Delta; 1912, Chi 
Omega ;t 1919, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1912, Sigma Sigma Sigma (Educ.) ; 

1914, Alpha Sigma Alpha (Educ.) ; Delta Sigma Epsilon (Educ.) ; 

1915, Pi Kappa Sigma (Educ). 

University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Mich. 

State; Opened 1841; Women admitted 1870; Valuation 
$8,(X)0,000; Income $1,180,000; Faculty 462, Men 442, Women 

♦Inactive 1905-1908. 

tPhi Delta Kappa 1909-1912. 



146 Statistical Data 

20; Students 5900, Men 4800, Women 1100; Tuition $39; Ex- 
penses $350; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., M.S., Sc.D., Ph.D. 

Motto — Artes, Scientia, Veritas. Colors — Maize and Blue. 

Sororities — 1879, Kappa Alpha Theta;$ 1882, Gamma Phi Beta; 
1885, Delta Gamma; 1888, Pi Beta Phi; 1890, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 
1892, Alpha Phi; 1894, Delta Delta Delta ;§ 1899, Alpha Chi Omega; 
1905, Chi Omega ; 1912, Theta Phi Alpha ; 1920, Alpha Xi Delta, Zeta 
Tau Alpha; 1890, Alpha Epsilon Iota (Med.); 1903 Sigma Alpha Iota 
(Mus.); 1910, Delta Omicron (Mus.). 

Middlebury College 

Middlebury, Vt. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1800; Women admitted 1883; Wo- 
men's College created 1902; Valuation $750,000; Endowment 
$1,700,000; Faculty 43, Men 36, Women 7; Students 387, Men 
200, Women 187; Tuition $150; Expenses $300; Degrees, A. 
B., B.S., A.M., M.S. 
Motto — Scientia Et Virtus. Colors — Blue and White. 

Sororities— 1893, Pi Beta Phi; 1911, Sigma Kappa; 1916, Delta 
Delta Delta. 

Millikin University* 

Decatur, 111. 

Nonsectarian; Opened 1903; Women admitted 1903; Val- 
uation $1,000,000; Endowment $1,300,000; Faculty 69, Men 
32, Women 37; Students 1373, Men 479, Women 894; Tuition 
$150; Expenses $600; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M. 
Motto — In His Plenitudo Vis. Colors — Blue and White. 

Sororities— 1912, Pi Beta Phi, Delta Delta Delta, Zeta Tau Alpha; 
1913, Alpha Chi Omega; 1917, Sigma Alpha Iota (Mus.). 

JInactive 1886-1893. 

§Inactive 1900-15. 

*The corporate name is The James Millikin University. 



Statistical Data 147 

Millsaps College 
Jackson, Miss. 

Methodist Episcopal South; Opened 1892; Women admit- 
ted 1892; Valuation $320,000; Endowment $520,000; Faculty 
10, Men 10, Women 0; Students 234, Men 174, Women 60; 
Tuition $60; Expenses $300; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., M.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — Purple and White, 

Sororities — 1914, Kappa Delta, Phi Mu. 



University of Minnesota 

Minneapolis, Minn. 

State; Opened 1869; Women admitted 1869; Valuation 
$16,300,000; Income $4,400,000; Faculty 775, Men 664, Wo- 
men 111; Students 7379, Men 4679, Women 2700; Tuition 
$60; Expenses $400; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S., Ph.D., 
LL.B., C.E., E.E., M.E., Met.E., M.D., D.S., B.Pharm., 
D.C.L., LL.B., LL.M. 

Motto — None. Colors — Maroon and Old Gold. 

Sororities — 1880, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1882, Delta Gamma; 1889, 
Kappa Alpha Theta; 1890, Alpha Phi; 1890, Pi Beta Phi;t 1894, Delta 
Delta Delta; 1902, Gamma Phi Beta; 1907, Alpha Xi Delta; 1908, Al- 
pha Gamma Delta; 1912, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1918, Kappa Delta; 1901, 
Alpha Epsilon Iota (Med.). 

tinactive 1897-1905. 



148 Statistical Data 

University of Missouri 

Columbia, Mo. 

State; Opened 1839; Women admitted 1869; Valuation 

$6,000,000; Endowment $1,350,000; Faculty 296, Men 251, 

Women 45; Students 3977, Men 2526, Women 1451; Tuition 

Free; Expenses $300; Degrees, AB., B.S., A.M., Ph.D., LL.B., 

M.D., C.E., M.E., E.E. 

Motto — None. Colors — Old Gold and Black, 

Sororities— 1875, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1899, Pi Beta Phi; 1909, 
Kappa Alpha Theta, Delta Gamma; 1910, Alpha Phi; 1913, Phi Mu, 
Chi Omega; 1915, Alpha Delta Pi, Delta Delta Delta. 

Montana State College 

Bozeman, Mont. 

State; Opened 1893; Women admitted 1893; Valuation 
$300,000; Endowment $500,000; Faculty 65, Men 45, Women 
20; Students 1225, Men 733, Women 492; Tuition Free; Ex- 
penses $450; Degrees, B.S., M.S. 
Motto — None. Colors — None. 

Sororities — 1917, Alpha Omicron Pi. 

University of Montana 

Missoula, Mont. 

State; Opened 1895 ;« Women admitted 1895; Valuation 
$700,000; Endowment. $850,000; Faculty 71, Men 56, Women 
15; Students 818, Men 432, Women 386; Tuition Free; Ex- 
penses $675; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — None. 

Sororities — 1909, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1911, 
Delta Gamma; 1918, Alpha Phi. 



Statistical Data 149 

Mt. Union College 

Alliance, Ohio 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1846; Women admitted 
1846; Valuation $600,000; Endowment $450,000; Faculty 24, 
Men 16, Women 8; Students 383, Men 232, Women 151 ; Tui- 
tion $120; Expenses $450; Degrees, A.B., B.S. 

Motto — Sit Lux. Color — Royal Purple. 

Sororities— 1902, Alpha Xi Delta; 1914, Delta Delta Delta;* 1920, 
Alpha Chi Omega. 

University of Nebraska 

Lincoln, Neb. 

State; Opened 1869; Women admitted 1869; Valuation 
$4,600,000; Endowment $1,000,000; Faculty 218, Men 142, 
Women 76; Students 3992, Men 2236, Women 1756; Tuition 
Free; Expenses $300; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., Ph.D., LL.B., 
J.D., M.D., D.D.S., E.E., M.E., C.E., A.E. 

Motto — None. Colors — Scarlet and Cream. 

Sororities — 1884, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1887, Kappa Alpha Theta; 
1888, Delta Gamma; 1895, Delta Delta Delta; 1896, Pi Beta Phi; 1903, 
Chi Omega; 1904, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1906, Alpha Phi; 1907, Alpha 
Chi Omega; 1910, Delta Zeta; 1912, Alpha Xi Delta; 1914, Gamma 
Phi Beta; 1915, Alpha Delta Pi; 1920, Kappa Delta; 1912, Nu Sigma 
Phi (Med.). 

University of Nevada 

Reno, Nev. 

State; Opened 1886; Women admitted 1886; Valuation 
$700,000 ; Endowment $500,000 ; Faculty 48, Men 37, Women 

♦Alpha Sigma Alpha, 1909-14. 



150 Statistical Data 

11; Students 430, Alen 244, Women 186; Tuition Free; Ex- 
penses $450; Degrees, A.B., B.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — Silver and Blue. 

S8rorities— 1913, Delta Delta Delta; 1915, Pi Beta Phi. 

Newcomb College 

New Orleans, La. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1887; Valuation $1,500,000; En- 
dowment $3,100,000; Faculty 62, Men 19, Women 43; Stu- 
dents 621; Tuition $180; Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., B. 
Mus. 

Motto — None, Colors — Light Blue and Bronze, 

Sororities— 1891, Pi Beta Phi ; 1898, Alpha Omicron Pi ; 1900, Chi 
Omega ; 1904, Kappa Kappa Gamma ; 1906, Phi Mu ; 1907, Alpha Delta 
Pi; 1914, Kappa Alpha Theta;* 1916, Alpha Epsilon Phi. 

New Hampshire College 

Durham, N. H. 

State; Opened 1866; Women admitted 1900; Valuation 
$1,000,000; Endowment $1,000,000; Faculty 95, Men 75, Wo- 
men 20; Students 818, Men 631, Women 187; Tuition $75; 
Expenses $425 ; Degrees, A.B., B.S., M.S. 
Motto — None. Colors — Blue and White. 

Sororities— 1914, Alpha Xi Delta ; 1915, Chi Omega ; 1918, Phi Mu. 

University of New Mexico 
Albuquerque, N. M. 

State; Opened 1892; Women admitted 1892; Valuation 
$300,000; Endowment $500,000; Faculty 22, Men 15, Women 

*Phi Mu Gamma, 1910-14. 



Statistical Data 151 

7; Students 284, Men 154, Women 130; Tuition Free; Ex- 
penses $250; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S. 

Motto — Lux Hominum Vita. Colors — Cherry and Silver, 

Sororities — 1911, Phi Mu; 1918, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Alpha Chi 
Omega; 1920, Alpha Delta Pi. 

New York University 

New York, N. Y. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1831; Women admitted 1886;* Val- 
uation $7,000,000; Endowment $2,000,000; Faculty 500, Men 
485, Women 15; Students 11,720, Men 9511, Women 2209; 
Tuition $250; Expenses $750; Degrees, A.B., B.S., B.C.S., M. 
A., M.S., M.C.S., M.B.A., Ph.D., Sc.D., Pd.M., Pd.D., LL.B., 
LL.M., J.D., J.S.D., M.D., D.V.S., C.E., M.E., Chem.E. 

Motto — Pestare Et Praestare. Color — Violet. 

Sororities— 1900, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1917, Alpha Epsilon Phi. 

University of North Dakota 

University, N. D. 

State; Opened 1884; Women admitted 1884; Valuation 
$1,200,000; Endowment $2,250,000; Faculty 102, Men 78, Wo- 
men 24; Students 1032, Men 561, Women 471 ; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $450; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S., Ph.D., C.E., 
E.E., M.E., LL.B., J.D. 

Motto — Lux et Lex. Colors — The Wild Rose (Pink and Green). 

Sororities— 1911, Alpha Phi, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1917, Delta 
Gamma; 1918, Delta Zeta; 1920 Gamma Phi Beta. 

*The undergraduate college proper is not open to women. 



152 ' Statistical Data 

Northwestern University 
Evanston, 111. 

Methodist Episcopal ; Opened 1855 ; Women admitted 1873 ; 
Valuation $12,000,000; Endowment $4,500,000; Faculty 571, 
Men 521, Women 50; Students 6821, Men 4899, Women 
1922; Tuition $200; Expenses $600; Degrees, A.B., B,S., 
A.M., M.S., Ph.D. 

Motto — Quaecumque Sunt Vera. Color — Royal Purple. 

Sororities — 1881, Alpha Phi; 1882, 'Delta Gamma, Kappa Kappa 
Gamma; 1887, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1888, Gamma Phi Beta; 1890, 
Alpha Chi Omega; 1894, Pi Beta Phi; 1895, Delta Delta Delta; 1901, 
Chi Omega; 1907, Kappa Delta; 1909, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1913, Alpha 
Gamma Delta; 1904, Sigma Alpha Iota (Mus.). 

Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio 

State; Opened 1873; Women admitted 1873; Valuation 
$7,000,000; Endowment $1,100,000; Faculty 512, Men 451, 
Women 61; Students 7817, Men 5751, Women 2066; Tuition 
$40; Expenses $650; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., M.S., Ph.D., 
C.E., M.E., E.M., M.D., D.D.S., LL.B., LL.M., D.V.M. 

Motto — None. Colors — Scarlet and Gray. 

Sororities — 1888, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1892, Kappa Alpha Theta; 
1894, Pi Beta Phi; 1896, Delta Delta Delta; 1911, Delta Zeta, Delta 
Gamma; 1912, Alpha Phi; 1913, Phi Mu; 1916, Alpha Xi Delta; 1919, 
Chi Omega, Sigma Kappa, Theta Phi Alpha. 

Ohio University 

Athens, Ohio 

State; Opened 1804; Women admitted 1870; Valuation 
$1,200,000; Endowment $200,000; Faculty 98, Men 57, Wo- 



Statistical Data 153 

men 41; Students 1146, Men 512, Women 634; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B., B.S. • 

Motto — Prae Omnibus Virtus. Colors — Olive Green and White. 

Sororities— 1889, Pi Beta Phi; 1908, Alpha Gamma Delta; 1911, 
Alpha Xi Delta; 1912, Chi Omega;* 1916, Alpha Delta Pi; 1919, Theta 
Phi Alpha; 1912, Sigma Sigma Sigma (Educ.) ; 1917, Alpha Sigma 
Alpha (Educ). 

Oklahoma State College 

Stillwater, Okla. 

State; Opened 1891; Women admitted 1891; Valuation 
$1,500,000; Income $400,000; Faculty 163, Men 123, Women 
40; Students 1358, Men 918, Women 440; Tuition Free; Ex- 
penses $350; Degrees, B.S., M.S. 

Motto — None, Colors — Orange and Black. 

Sororities — 1919, Kappa Delta, Pi Beta Phi, Kappa Alpha Theta. 

University of Oklahoma 

Norman, Okla. 

State ; Opened 1893 ; Women admitted 1893 ; Valuation 
$2,500,000; Endowment $3,670,000; Faculty 188, Men 160, 
Women 28; Students 2574, Men 1607, Women 967; Tuition 
Free; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S., Ph.G., B.M., M.D., 
LL.B., C.E., E.E., M.E. 

Motto — Civi et Repuhlicae. Colors — Crimson and Cream. 

Sororities— 1909, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1910, Delta Delta Delta, Pi 
Beta Phi; 1914, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1916, Alpha Chi Omega; 1917, 
Alpha Phi; 1918, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta; 1919, Alpha Gam- 
ma Delta, Chi Omega. 

*Pi Delta Kappa 1907-12. 



154 Statistical Data 

Oregon State College 
Corvallis, Ore. 

State; Opened 1870; Women admitted 1885; Valuation 
$2,900,000; Income $1,200,000; Faculty 325, Men 200, Women 
125; Students 3060, Men 2119, Women 941; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $550; Degrees, B.S., M.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — Orange and Black. 

Sororities — 1915, Alpha Chi Omega; 1917, Klappa Alpha Theta, Pi 
Beta Phi, Chi Omega; 1918, Gamma Phi Beta, Sigma Kappa, Delta 
Delta Delta; 1919, Delta Zeta, Alpha Xi Delta. 

University of Oregon 

Eugene, Ore. 

State; Opened 1876; Women admitted 1876; Valuation 
$1,000,000; Endowment $50,000; Faculty 119, Men 80, Wo- 
men 39; Students 1785, Men 1121, Women 664; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B, B.S., M.A, M.S., Ph.D., M.D., 
LL.B., J.D. 

Motto — Mens Agitat Molem. Colors — Lemon Yellow and Green. 

Sororities— 1908, Gamma Phi Beta ; 1909, Chi Omega, Kappa Alpha 
Theta; 1910, Delta Delta Delta; 1913, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Delta 
Gamma; 1914, Alpha Phi; 1915, Pi Beta Phi; 1920, Alpha Delta Pi. 

University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1740; Women admitted 1876;* 
Valuation $15,000,000; Endowment $6,500,000; Faculty 827; 

*A11 undergraduate departments are not open to women. 



Statistical Data 155 

Students 10,120, Men 8,175, Women 1945; Tuition $200; Ex- 
penses $500; Degrees, A.B., B.S., M.A., M.S., Ph.D., C.E., 
M.E., B.Mus., LL.B., LL.M., M.D., D.D.S., V.M.D., Dr.P.H. 

Motto — Literae Sine Moribus Vanae. Colors — Crimson and Navy Blue. 

Sororities — 1890, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1904, Delta Delta Delta; 
1917, Alpha Epsilon Phi; 1918, Alpha Omicron Pi, Zeta Tau Alpha; 
1919, Chi Omega, Alpha Chi Omega, Kappa Alpha Theta. 



University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1786; Women admitted 1870; Val- 
uation $2,300,000; Endowment $600,000; Faculty 579, Men 
514, Women 65; Students 5240, Men 3720, Women 1520; 
Tuition $250; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., 
M.S., Sc.D., Ph.D., C.E., E.E., M.E., LL.B., M.D., D.D.S., 
Phm.D. 

Motto — None, Colors — Blue and Gold. 

Sororities— 1915, Zeta Tau Alpha, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1916, Delta 
Zeta, Delta Delta Delta; 1917, Alpha Xi Delta; 1918, Pi Beta Phi; 1919, 
Kappa Kappa Gamma, Chi Omega ; 1920, Alpha Delta Pi, Kappa Delta. 



Purdue University 

Lafayette, Ind. 

State; Opened 1870; Women admitted 1870; Valuation 
$2,250,000; Income $1,000,000; Faculty 211, Men 193, Women 
18; Students 2962, Men 2646, Women 316; Tuition Free; Ex- 
penses $450; Degrees, B.S., M.S. 



156 Statistical Data 

Motto — None. Colors — Old Gold and Black. 

Sororities — 1915, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1918, Alpha Chi Omega; 
1919, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Chi Omega; 1921, Pi Beta Phi. 

Randolph-Macon Woman's College 

Lynchburg, Va. 

Methodist Episcopal South; Opened 1893; Valuation $1,- 
000,000; Endowment $400,000; Faculty 49, Men 16, Women 
33; Students 632; Tuition $160; Expenses $540; Degrees, A. 
B., A.M. 

Motto — None. Colors — Lemon and Black. 

Sororities-r-190a Chi Omega; 1902, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1903, Alpha 
Omicron Pi; 1903, Kappa Delta; 1905, Delta Delta Delta; 1910, Phi 
Mu, Alpha Delta Pi; 1913, Pi Beta Phi;* 1916, Kappa Alpha Theta; 
1917, Sigma Kappa. 

Rhode Island State College 
Kingston, R. I. 

State; Opened 1890; Women admitted 1890; Valuation 
$450,000; Endowment $300,000; Faculty 40, Men 30, Women 
10; Students 347, Men 279, Women 68; Tuition Free; Ex- 
penses $350; Degrees, B.S., M.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — Blue and White. 

Sororities — 1919, Sigma Kappa. 

Simpson College 

Indianola, Iowa 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1867; Women admitted 
1867; Valuation $350,000; Endowment $800,000; Faculty 33, 

*Alpha Sigma Alpha, 1908-13. 



Statistical Data 157 

Men 18, Women 15; Students 578, Men 197, Women 381; 
Tuition $80; Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., B.Mus., B.S. 

Motto — None, Colors — Red and Old Gold. 

Sororities— 1874, Pi Beta Phi; 1889, Delta Delta Delta; 1907, Al- 
pha Chi Omega. 



University of South Dakota 

Vermilion, S. D. 

State; Opened 1883; Women admitted 1883; Valuation 
$700,000; Endowment $1,000,000; Faculty 65, Men 50, Wo- 
men 15; Students 961, Men '502, Women 459; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B, B.S., A.M., B.Mus., LL.B. 

Motto — Veritas, Color — Vermilion. 

Sororities— 1903, Alpha Xi Delta; 1912, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1920, 
Alpha Phi. 

University of Southeirn California 

Los Angeles, Cal. 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1880; Women admitted 
1880; Valuation $800,000; Endowment $450,000; Faculty 
378, Men 298, Women 80 ; Students 3874, Men 2324, Women 
1550; Tuition $120; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., 
LL.B, LL.M., D.D.S., B.D., Ph.G., C.E., E.E. 

Motto — Palman Qui Meruit Ferat, Color — Gold. 

Sororities— 1887, Kappa Alpha Theta;* 1895, Alpha Chi Omega ;t 
1910, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1915, Phi Mu; 1917, Kappa Delta, Pi Beta Phi; 
1914, Nu Sigma Phi (Med.). 

^Inactive, 1895-1917. 
tinactive 1898-1905. 



158 Statistical Data 

Southern Methodist University 
Dallas, Tex. 

Methodist Episcopal South; Opened 1915; Women ad- 
mitted 1915; Valuation $500,000; Endowment $1,000,000; 
Faculty 56, Men 47, Women 9; Students 1190, Men 519, Wo- 
men 671; Tuition $150; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B., B.S., 
B.D., A.M. 

Motto — Veritas Liberbit Vos. Colors — Crimson and Blue. 

Sororities — 1915, Alpha Omicron Pi, Phi Mu, Alpha Delta Pi, Zeta 
Tau Alpha; 1916, Delta Delta Delta, Kappa Delta, Pi Beta Phi, Chi 
Omega; 1917, Sigma Kappa. 

Southwestern University 

Georgetown, Tex. 

Methodist Episcopal South; Opened 1873; Women ad- 
mitted 1893; Valuation $300,000; Endowment $150,000; Fac- 
ulty 28, Men 19, Women 9; Students 680, Men 384, Women 
296; Tuition $75; Expenses $250; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M. 

Motto — None. Colors — Lemon and Black. 

Sororities— 1906, Zeta Tau Alpha; 1907, Alpha Delta Pi; 1908, Phi 
Mu; 1911, Delta Delta Delta.* 

St. Lawrence University 

Canton, N. Y. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1861; Women admitted 1861; Val- 
uation $430,000; Endowment $1,300,000; Faculty 50, Men 42, 

*Sigma Sigma Sigma, 1905-1911. 



Statistical Data 159 

Women 8; Students 645, Men 470, Women 175 ; Tuition $100; 
Expenses $450; Degrees, A.B., B.S, B.D., LL.B, A.M., M.S. 

Motto — Fides Et Veritas. Colors — Scarlet and Brown. 

Sororities — 1881, Kappa Kappa Gamma ;t 1891, Delta Delta Delta; 

1914, Pi Beta Phi. 

Stanford Universityij: 

Palo Alto, Cal. ' 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1891; Women admitted 1891; Val- 
uation $33,000,000; Endowment $25,000,000; Faculty 246, 
Men 223, Women 23 ; Students 2946, Alen 2207, Women 739; 
Tuition $40; Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., 
LL.B., J.D., C.E., E.E., M.E., M.D. 

Motto — None. Color — Cardinal. 

Sororities — 1891, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1892, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 

1893, Pi Beta Phi;* 1897, Delta Gamma; 1899, Alpha Phi; 1905, 

Gamma Phi Beta; 1909, Delta Delta Delta; 1910, Alpha Omicron Pi; 

1915, Chi Omega, Sigma Kappa; 1902, Alpha Epsilon Iota (Med.). 



Stetson Universityft 
De Land, Fla. 

Nonsectarian; Opened 1887; Women admitted 1887; Val- 
uation $900,000; Endowment $1,023,000; Faculty 49, Men 28, 
Women 21 ; Students 500, Men 300, Women 200; Tuition $72; 
Expenses $250; Degrees, A.B., B.S., Ph.B. 

Motto — Pro Deo et Veritate. Colors — Green and White. 

Sororities— 1913, Pi Beta Phi, Delta Delta Delta;** 1917, Alpha 
Xi Delta. 

tinactive 1898-1915. 

JThe corporate name is Leland Stanford, Jr., University. 

♦Inactive 1897-1905. 

ttThe corporate name is John B. Stetson University. 

**Alpha Kappa Psi, 1909-1913. 



160 Statistical Data 

« 

Swarthmore College 

Swarthmore, Pa. 

Friends; Opened 1869; Women admitted 1869; Valuation 
$2,000,000; Endowment $2,500,000; Faculty 44, Men 30, Wo- 
men 14; Students 494, Men 246, Women 248; Tuition $200; 
Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B., A.M., C.E., M.E., E.E. 

Motto — Mind the Light. Color — Garnet, 

Sororities— 1891, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1892, Pi Beta Phi; 1893, 
Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1912, Delta Gamma; 1919, Chi Omega, Phi Mu. 



Syracuse University 

Syracuse, N. Y. 

Methodist Episcopal; Opened 1871; Women admitted 
1871; Valuation $4,500,000; Endowment $2,600,000; Faculty 
407, Men 337, Women 70; Students 5600, Men 3599, Women 
2101; Tuition $150; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B., B.S., 
B.Ar., B.Mus., B.L., B.L.E., M.D., LL.B., C.E., E.E., M.E. 

Motto — Suas Cultores Scientia Coronat. Color — Orange. 

Sororities — 1872, Alpha Phi, Gamma Phi Beta; 1883, Kappa Kappa 
Gamma; 1889, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1896, Delta Delta Delta; 1897, Pi 
Beta Phi; 1901, Delta Gamma; 1904, Alpha Xi Delta, Alpha Gamma 
Delta; 1905, Sigma Kappa; 1907, Alpha Chi Omega; 1911, Chi Omega; 
1914, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1919, Alpha Epsilon Phi; 1920, Phi Mu; 1900, 
Zeta Phi (Med.); 1910, Alpha Epsilon Iota (Med.). 

University of Tennessee 

Knoxville, Tenn. 

State; Opened 1794; Women admitted 1893; Valuation 
$762,500; Endowment $427,000; Faculty 157, Men 152, Wo- 



Statistical Data 161 

men, 5; Students 888, Men 716, Women 172; Tuition Free; 
Expenses $300; Degrees, A.B., B.S., B.S.A., A.M., M.S., M.E., 
E.E., C.E., M.S.A., LL.B., LL.M., M.D., D.D.S. 

Motto — Veritatem Cognoscetis Et Veritas Vos Liberabit. 

Colors — Orange and White, 
Sororities— 1900, Chi Omega; 1902, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1904, Zeta 
Tau Alpha; 1908, Phi Mu; 1920, Alpha Delta Pi. 

University of Texas 

Austin, Tex. 

State; Opened 1883; Women admitted 1883; Valuation 

$2,250,000; Endowment $2,000,000; Faculty 200, Men 165, 

Women 35; Students 3980, Men 2384, Women 1596; Tuition 

Free; Expenses $500; Degrees, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., C.E., E.E., 

M.E., LL.B., LL.M., B.B.A., M.B.A. 

Motto — None. Colors — Orange and White, 

Sororities — 1902, Pi Beta Phi, Kappa Kappa Gamma ; 1904, Kappa 
Alpha Theta, Chi Omega; 1906, Zeta Tau Alpha, Alpha Delta Pi; 1912, 
Delta Delta Delta; 1913, Phi Mu; 1920, Alpha Phi. 

Toronto University 

Toronto, Can. 

Government; Opened 1843; Women admitted 1884; Val- 
uation $4,800,000 ; Endowment $5,800,000; Faculty 385, Men 
354, Women 31 ; Students 4044, Men 3306, Women 738; Tui- 
tion $52; Expenses $400; Degrees, B.A., M. A., Ph.D., M.B., 
M.D., LL.B., LL.M., C.E., E.E., M.E., D.D.S., B.S.A., B.V.S., 
Pharm.B., B.Paed. 
Motto — Velut Arbor Aevo. Colors — Azuret Argent, 

Sororities— 1887, Kappa Alpha Theta;* 1906, Alpha Phi; 1908, Pi 

♦Inactive 1888-1903. 



162 Statistical Data 

Beta Phi; 1911, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1913, Delta Gamma; 1919, Al- 
pha Gamma Delta, Gamma Phi Beta; 1908, Zeta Phi (Med.). 

Transylvania College 

Lexington, Ky. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1798; Women admitted 1887; Val- 
uation $1,000,000; Endowment $500,000; Faculty 30, Men 19, 
Women 11 ; Students 290, Men 130, Women 160; Tuition $70; 
Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B., B.S-, A.M. 

Motto — In Lumine Illo Tradimus Lumen. Color — Crimson. 

Sororities — 1903, Chi Omega; 1906, Beta Sigma Omicron; 1908, 
Delta Delta Delta. 

Trinity College 

Durham, N. C. 

Methodist Episcopal South; Opened 1859; Women admit- 
ted 1901; Valuation $1,200,000; Endowment $1,700,000; Fac- 
ulty 40, Men 39, Women 1 ; Students 300, Men 235, Women 
65; Tuition $50; Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B., A.M. 

Motto — Religio et Eruditio. Color — Dark Blue. 

Sororities-r-1911, Alpha Delta Pi; 1912, Kappa Delta; 1915, Zetai 
Tau Alpha. 

Tufts College 

Tufts College, Mass. 

Nonsectarian; Opened 1852; Women admitted 1892; Wo- 
man's Collegef created 1910; Valuation $2,275,000; Endow- 
ment $1,600,000; Faculty 336, Men 332, Women 4; Students 

tjackson College. 



Statistical Data 163 

1996, Men 1758, Women 238; Tuition $200; Expenses $500; 
Degrees, A.B, B.S, A.M., M.S., M.D., D.M.D. 

Motto — Pax Et Lux. Colors — Brown and Blue. 

Sororities— 1907, Alpha Xi Delta; 1908, Alpha Omicron Pi; 1910, 
Chi Omega; 1913, Sigma Kappa; 1909, Zeta Phi (Med.). 



University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah 

State; Opened 1850; Women admitted 1850; Valuation 
$1,000,000; Faculty 160, Men 120, Women 40; Students 4938, 
Men 2293, Women 2645; Tuition Free; Expenses $350; De- 
grees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S., LL.B. 

Motto — None. Colors — Crimson and White. 

Sororities — 1914, Chi Omega. 

-Vanderbilt University 
Nashville, Tenn. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1875; Women admitted 1888; Val- 
uation $1,725,000; Endowment $5,700,000; Faculty 145; Stu- 
dents 1050, Men 910, Women 140; Tuition $150; Expenses 
$400; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., M.S., D.Sc, Ph.D., B.E., 
CE., M.E., M.D., D.D.S., L.L.B. 

Motto — None, Colors — Gold and Black. 

Soronties--1904, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1911, Delta Delta Delta; 
1917, Alpha Omicron Pi. 



164 Statistical Data 

University of Vermont 
Burlington, Vt. 

State; Opened 1800; Women admitted 1871; Valuation 
$1,400,000; Endowment $1,000,000; Faculty 110, Men 103, 
Women 7; Students 864, Men 601, Women 263 ; Tuition $100; 
Expenses $350; Degrees, A.B., Ph.B., B.S., M.D. 

Motto — Studiis Et Rebus Honestis. Colors — Green and Gold. 

Sororities— 1881, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1893, Delta Delta Delta; 
1898, Pi Beta Phi; 1915, Alpha Xi Delta. 

Washburn College 

Topeka, Kan. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1865 ; Women admitted 1865 ; Val- 
uation $650,000; Endowment $800,000; Faculty 61, Men 47, 
Women 14 ; Students 855, Men 368, Women 487 ; Tuition $100 ; 
Expenses $300; Degrees, B.A., B.S., B.M., LL.B. 

Motto — Non Nobis Solum. Color— Yale Blue. 

Sororities— 1914, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1916, Alpha Phi; 1920, Delta 
Gamma; 1917, Sigma Alpha Iota (Mus.). 

Washington State College 

Pullman, Wash. 

State; Opened 1892; Women admitted 1892; Valuation 
$1,800,000; Endowment $25,000,000; Faculty 172, Men 134, 
Women 38; Students 2593, Alen 1698, Women 895; Tuition 
Free; Expenses $300; Degrees, A.B., B.S., M.A., M.S., C.E., 
E.E., M.E., D.V.M., Ph.G. 

Motto — None. Colors — Crimson and Grey. 

Sororities— 1912, Pi Beta Phi ; 1913, Alpha Delta Pi, Kappa Alpha 
Theta; 1916, Alpha Chi Omega; 1918, Delta Delta Delta; 1919, Delta 
Zeta; 1920, Kappa Kappa Gamma. 



Statistical Data 165 

University of Washington 

Seattle, Wash. 

State; Opened 1861; Women admitted 1861; Valuation 
$3,000,000; Endowment $7,400,000; Faculty 225, Men 188, 
Women 37; Students 7135, Men 4134, Women 3001; Tuition 
$30; Expenses $600; Degrees, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., LL.B., B.S., 
M.S., C.E., M.E., E.E., Forestry, Pharm. 

Motto — Lux Sit. Colors — Purple and Gold. 

Sororities — 1903, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta; 1905, Kappa 
Kappa Gamma; 1907, Pi Beta Phi, Alpha Xi Delta; 1908, Kappa Alpha 
Theta ; 1909, Alpha Gamma Delta, Chi Omega, Delta Delta Delta ; 1910, 
^igma Kappa, Alpha Chi Omega; 1914, Alpha Phi, Delta Zeta; 1915, 
Alpha Omicron Pi; 1917, Alpha Delta Pi, Phi Mu, Zeta Tau Alpha. 

Washington University 

St. Louis, Mo. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1859; Women admitted 1870; Val- 
uation $5,000,000; Endowment $9,500,000; Faculty 295, Men 
268, Women 27; Students 2196, Men 1198, Women 998; Tui- 
tion $200; Expenses $500; Degrees, A.B., B.S., M.A., M.S., 
Ph.D., M.D., D.D.S., LL.B., C.E., M.E., E.E., Ch.K, B.Arch., 
M.Arch. 

Motto — Per Veritatem Vis. Colors — Myrtle and Maroon. 

Sororities— 1906, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1907, Pi Beta Phi; 1914, 
Delta Gamma; 1917, Gamma Phi Beta; 1920, Alpha Chi Omega. 

University of West Virginia 

Morgantown, W. Va. 

State; Opened 1867; Women admitted 1889; Valuation 
$2,000,000; Endowment $115,769; Faculty 132, Men 116, Wo- 



166 Statistical Data 

men 16; Students 1992, Men 1125, Women 867; Tuition $50; 
Expenses $450; Degrees, A.B., B.S., A.M., M.S., LL.B., M.E., 
C.E. 

Motto — To Faith Virtue and to Virtue Knowledge. 

Colors — Old Gold and Navy Blue. 

Sororities— 1905, Alpha Xi Delta; 1905, Chi Omega; 1906, Kappa 
Kappa Gamma; 1918, Pi Beta Phi. 

Whitman College 

Walla Walla, Wash. 

Nonsectarian ; Opened 1866; Women admitted 1866; Val- 
uation $600,000; Endowment $800,000; Faculty 26, Men 20, 
Women 6; Students 346, Men 160, Women 186; Tuition $125 ; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, A.B., B.S. 

Motto — Christo et Patriae. Colors — Maize and Blue. 

Sororities — 1913, Phi Mu; 1916, Delta Gamma; 1918 Kappa Kappa 
Gamma. 

University of Wisconsin 
Madison, Wis. 

State; Opened 1850; Women admitted 1860; Valuation 
$9,700,000; Endowment $710,000; Faculty 886, Men 714, Wo- 
men 172; Students 10,155, Men 6170, Women 3985; Tuition 
Free; Expenses $800; Degrees, B.A., B.M., B.S., Ph.B., M.A., 
M.S., Ph.M., Ph.D., C.E., E.E., M.E., Ch.E., LL.B. 

Motto — Numen Lumen. Color — Cardinal. 

Sororities — 1875, Kappa Kappa Gamma; 1881, Delta Gamma; 1884, 
Gamma Phi Beta; 1890, Kappa Alpha Theta; 1894, Pi Beta Phi; 1896, 
Alpha Phi ; 1898, Delta Delta Delta ; 1902, Chi Omega ; 1903, Alpha Chi 
Omega; 1904, Alpha Xi Delta; 1905, Alpha Gamma Delta; 1917, Alpha 
Omicron Pi; 1918, Delta Zeta ; 1919, Sigma Kappa, Phi Mu; 1920, 
Kappa Delta, Alpha Delta Pi. 



Statistical Data 167 

Wittenberg College 

Springfield, Ohio 

Lutheran; Opened 1845; Women admitted 1874; Valua- 
tion $750,000; Endowment $600,000; Faculty 22, Men 18, Wo- 
men 4; Students 426, Men 243, Women 183 ; Tuition $90 ; Ex- 
penses $400; Degrees, A.B., A.M. 

Motto— Having Light JVe Pass It On To Others. 

Colors — Cardinal and Cream. 

' Sororities— 1904, Alpha Xi Delta; 1913, Alpha Delta Pi. 



University of Wyoming 

Laramie, Wyo. 

State; Opened 1887; Women admitted 1887; Valuation 
$1,000,000; Endowment $2,000,000; Faculty 43, Men 29, Wo- 
men, 14 ; Students 450, Men 250, Women 200 ; Tuition Free ; 
Expenses $400; Degrees, B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S. 

Motto — None. Colors — Brown and Yellow. 

Sororities— 1910, Pi Beta Phi; 1913, Delta Delta Delta; 1914, 
Kappa Delta. 



MEN'S ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES 



ALPHA CHI RHO— June 4, 1895— Allegheny, Brooklyn Polytechnic, 
Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Dickinson, Illinois, Lafayette, Lehigh, 
Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, Syracuse, Trinity, Virginia, Wes- 
leyan, Washington and Lee, Yale— 17. *2000-450-200. 

Garnet and White. . Garnet and White Carnation. 

The Garnet and White — 1900. 
The Labarum — 1907. 



ALPHA DELTA PHI— 1832— Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, California, 
Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Hamilton, Johns Hopkins, 
Illinois, Kenyon, McGill, Michigan, Minnesota, Rochester, Stanford, 
Toronto, Trinity, Union, Wesleyan, Western Reserve, Williams, Wis- 
consin, Yale— 25. 1800-600-250. 

Emerald Green and White. Lily of the Valley. 

ALPHA SIGMA PHI— December 1, 1845— California, Colorado, Col- 
umbia, Cornell, Harvard, Illinois, Iowa State College, Kentucky, Mar- 
ietta, Mass. Agri. Col., Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Ohio State, 
Ohio Wesleyan, Oregon State College, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 
State, Stanford, Washington State, Wisconsin, Yale— 24. 2800-400-200. 

Cardinal and Stone. Red Rose. 

The Tomahawk — 1847. 



ALPHA TAU OMEGA— September 11, 1865— Adrian, Alabama, Ala- 
bama Polytechnic, Albion, Birmingham-Southern, Brown, California, 
Charleston, Chicago, Colby, Colgate, Colorado, Colorado Agr. Col., 
Cornell, Emory, Florida, Georgia, Ga. Sch. Tech., Hillsdale, Illinois, 

*Total membership, active membership, average initiation. 




^0^\ 








]l^l 



jy-''.- 





mF^ 



















* 



^1? 





44 



Fraternity Badges 



Academic Fraternities 169 

Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State College, Kansas, Kansas State College, Ken- 
tucky, Lehigh, Maine, Marietta, Mass. Inst. Tech., Mercer, Michigan, 
Minnesota, Missouri, Mt. Union, Muhlenberg, Nebraska, New Hamp- 
shire, North Carolina, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Oregon, Oregon 
State College, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania College, Pennsylvania State, 
Purdue, Rose Polytechnic, Simpson, St. Lawrence, Southern Methodist, 
Southwestern Presbyterian, Stanford, Tennessee, Texas, Trinity (N. 
C), Tufts, Tulane, Union (Tenn.), University of the South, Vander- 
bilt, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington State, Washington 
State College, Washington and Jefferson, Washington and Lee, West- 
ern Reserve, Wisconsin, Wittenberg, Worcester Pol. Inst, Wyoming 
—n. 20,000-1500-700. 

Sky Blue and Old Gold. Tea Rose. 

The Palm— 1880. 

BETA THETA PI— August 8, 1839— Amherst, Beloit, Bethany, Bos- 
ton, Bowdoin, Brown, California, Carnegie, Case, Centre, Chicago, Cin- 
cinnati, Colgate, Colorado, Colorado College, Colorado Mines, Colum- 
bia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Davidson, Denison, Denver, De Pauw, Dick- 
inson, Ga. Sch. Tech., Hanover, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa 
State College, Johns Hopkins, Kansas, Kansas State College, Kenyon, 
Knox, Lehigh, Maine, Mass. Inst. Tech., Miami, Michigan, Minnesota, 
Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Northwestern, Ohio, Ohio State, 
Ohio Wesleyan, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, 
Purdue, Rutgers, South Dakota, Stanford, Stevens, St. Lawrence, 
Syracuse, Texas, Toronto, Tulane, Union, Utah, Vanderbilt, Virginia, 
Wabash, Washington, Washington State, Washington State College, 
Washington and Jefferson, Wesleyan, Western Reserve, Westminster, 
West Virginia, Whitman, Williams, Wisconsin, Wittenberg, Yale — 82. 
26,000-2500-750, 

Pink and Blue. Rose. 

Beta Theta Pi— 1872. 

CHI PHI— 1824*— Alabama, Amherst, California, Cornell, Dartmouth, 
Emory, Franklin and Marshall, Georgia, Ga. Sch. Tech., Hampden-Sid- 

*Claimed but not proved. 



170 Academic Fraternities 

ney, Illinois, Lafayette, Lehigh, Mass. Inst. Tech., Ohio State, Ohio 
Wesleyan, Rensselaer, Rutgers, Sheffield, Stevens, Texas, Virginia, 
Wisconsin— 23. 7400-350-200. 

Scarlet and Blue. None. 

Chi Phi Chakett—l86S. 



CHI PSI — 1841 — Amherst, Bowdoin, California, Chicago, Cornell, 
Georgia, Hamilton, Illinois, Lehigh, Michigan, Middlebury, Minnesota, 
Rutgers, Stanford, Stevens^ Union, Wesleyan, Williams, Wisconsin — 
19. 5500-350-200. 

Purple and Gold Amethyst. None. 



DELTA KAPPA EPSILON— June 22, 1844— Alabama, Amherst, Bow- 
doin, Brown, California, C. C. N. Y., Central, Chicago, Colby, Colgate, 
Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, De Pauw, Hamilton, Illinois, Kenyon, 
Lafayette, Mass. Inst. Tech., McGill, Miami, Michigan, Middlebury, 
Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rensselaer, Rochester, Rut- 
gers, Stanford, Syracuse, Texas, Toronto, Trinity, Tulane, Vanderbilt, 
Virginia, Washington State, Wesleyan, Western Reserve, Williams, 
Wisconsin, Yale— 43. 19,000-1000-400. 

Crimson, Blue and Gold. None. 

The Delta Kappa Epsilon Quarterly — 1881. 

DELTA PHI— November 17, 1827— Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Illinois, 
Johns Hopkins, Lehigh, New York, Pennsylvania, Rensselaer, Rutgers, 
Sheffield, Union, Virginia— 13. 4200-250-100. 

Blue and White. None. 



DELTA PSI— January 17, \%A7— Columbia, Mass. Inst. Tech., Penn- 
sylvania, Sheffield, Trinity, Virginia, Williams— 7. 3500-200-75. 
Light Blue. None 



Academic Fraternities 171 

DELTA SIGMA PHI— December 1, 1899— Albion, Alfred, Boston, 
California, Chicago, C. C. N. Y., Columbia, Cornell, Cumberland, 
Franklin and Marshall, Ga. Sch. Tech., Hillsdale, Illinois, Michigan, 
New York, North Carolina, N. C. A. & M. C, Ohio Northern, Ohio 
State, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Rensselaer, Southern Methodist, Tex- 
as, Thiele, Trinity (Texas), Tulane, Waynesburg, Washington and 
Lee, Wisconsin, Wofford— 31. 2000-800-300. 

Nile Green and White. White Carnation. 

The Carnation — 1907. 

DELTA TAU DELTA— January 5, 1859— Albion, Allegheny, Amherst, 
Armour Inst. Tech., Baker, Brown, California, Chicago, Cincinnati, 
Colorado, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, De Pauw, Emory, George 
Washington, Georgia, Hillsdale, Kenyon, Illinois, Indiana, Indianapo- 
lis, Iowa, Iowa State College, Kansas, Kansas State College, Lafayette, 
Lehigh, Maine, Mass. Inst. Tech., Miami, Michigan, Minnesota, Mis- 
souri, Nebraska, Northwestern, Ohio State, Ohio, Ohio Wesleyan, 
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, Pittsburgh, Purdue, Rens- 
selaer, Stanford, Stevens, Syracuse, Texas, Tulane, Tufts, University 
of the South, Vanderbilt, Virginia, Wabash, Washington and Jeffer- 
son, Washington and Lee, Washington State, Wesleyan, Western Re- 
serve, West Virginia, Wisconsin— 62. 15,000-1100-600. 
Purple, White and Gold. Pansy. 

The Rainbow — 1877. 

DELTA UPSILON— November 4, 1834— Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, 
California, Carnegie, Chicago, Colby, Colgate, Columbia, Cornell, De- 
Pauw, Hamilton, Harvard, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa State College, Kansas, 
Lafayette, Lehigh, Marietta, Mass. Inst. Tech., McGill, Miami, Mich- 
igan, Middlebury, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, Northwestern, Ohio, 
State, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, Purdue, Rochester, Rutgers, 
Stanford, Swarthmore, Syracuse, Toronto, Tufts, Union, Washington 
State, Wesleyan, Western Reserve, Williams, Wisconsin — 46. 15,000- 
1000-450. 

Old Gold and Sapphire Blue. None. 

Delta Upsilon Quarterly — 1882. 



172 Academic Fraternities 

KAPPA ALPHA (Northern)— November 26, 1825— Cornell, Hobart, 
Lehigh, McGill, Pennsylvania, Toronto, Williams, Union — 8. 2000- 
150-70. 

Scarlet. None. 

KAPPA ALPHA (Southern)— December 21, 1865— Alabama, Alabama 
Polytechnic, Arkansas, Bethany, California, Centenary, Central, 
Charleston, Davidson, Delaware, Drury, Emory, Florida, Georgia, Ga. 
Sch. Tech., Georgetown (Ky.), George Washington, Hampden-Sidney, 
Kentucky State, Louisiana, Maryland, Mercer, Millsaps, Missouri, Mo. 
Sch. Mines, North Carolina, N. C. A. & M. C, Oglethorpe, Oklahoma, 
Oklahoma State College, Randolph-Macon, Richmond, Southern Meth- 
odist, Southwestern, Stanford, St. John's, Tennessee, Texas, Transyl- 
vania, Trinity (N. C), Tulane, University of the South, Vanderbilt, 
Virginia, Washington, Washington and Lee, Westminster, West Vir- 
ginia, William and Mary, William Jewell, Wofford,— 51. 12,000-750-400. 

Crimson and Gold. Magnolia and Red Rose. 

Kappa Alpha Journal — 1883. 
The Special Messenger — 1899. 

KAPPA NU*— November, 1911— Albany, Boston, Buffalo, Columbia, 
Harvard, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Rensselaer, Rochester, 
Union College, Union University, Western Reserve — 13. 400-250-125. 

Purple and White. None. 

Kappa Nu—\9\7. 

KAPPA SIGMA— December 10, 1869— Alabama, Alabama Polytechnic, 
Arizona, Arkansas, Baker, Bowdoin, Brown, Bucknell, California, Case, 
Chicago, Colorado, Colorado College, Colo. Sch. Mines, Cornell, Cum- 
berland, Dartmouth, Davidson,* Denison, Denver, Dickinson, Georgia, 
Ga. Sch. Tech., George Washington, Hampden-Sidney, Harvard, Idaho, 
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State College, Kansas, Kansas State Col- 

*For Jewish students. 



Academic Fraternities 173 

lege, Kentucky State, Lake Forest, Lehigh, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, 
Mass. Agr. Col., Mass Inst. Tech., Mercer, Michigan, Millsaps, Min- 
nesota, Missouri, Mo. Sch. Mines, Nebraska, New York, New Hamp- 
shire, North Carolina, N. C. A. & M. C, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Okla- 
homa State College; Oregon, Oregon State College, Pennsylvania, Penn- 
sylvania State, Purdue, Randolph-Macon, Richmond, Rutgers, South- 
western, Southwestern Presbyterian, Stanford, Swarthmore, Syracuse, 
Tennessee, Texas, Trinity (N. C), Tulane, Vanderbilt, Vermont, Vir- 
ginia, University of the South, Wabash, Washburn, Washington, Wash- 
ington State College, Washington and Jefferson, Washington and Lee, 
West Virginia, William and Mary, William Jewell, Wisconsin, Wof- 
ford,— 88. 18,000-2500-900. 

Scarlet, White and Emerald Green. Lily of the Valley. 

Caduceus — 1885. 
Star and Crescent — 1897. 

LAMBDA CHI ALPHA— November 2, 1909— Akron, Alabama, Ala- 
bama Polytechnic, Boston, Brown, Bucknell, Butler, California, Cin- 
cinnati, Colby, Colgate, Cornell, Cumberland, Dartmouth, Denison, 
Denver, De Pauw, Franklin and Marshall, Georgia, Harvard, Illinois, 
Indiana, Iowa State College, Knox, Louisiana, Maine, Mass. Agr. 
Col., Mass. Inst. Tech., Michigan, Missouri School Mines, New 
Hampshire, Northwestern, Ohio, Oklahoma State College, Oregon State 
College, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, Pittsburgh, Purdue, Rhode 
Island, Richmond, Rutgers, South Dakota, Syracuse, Texas, Union, 
Wabash, Washington and Jefferson, Washington State, Washington 
State College, Western Reserve, Wisconsin, Worcester — 53. 3500- 
1500-500. 

Purple, Green and Gold. Violet. 

The Purple, Green and Gold— 1913. 

PHI DELTA THETA— December 26, 1848— Alabama, Alabama Poly- 
technic, Allegheny, Amherst, Brown, Butler, California, Case, Central, 



174 Academic Fraternities 

Chicago, Cincinnati, Colby, Colgate, Colorado, Colorado College, Col- 
umbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Denison, De Pauw, Dickinson, Emory, 
Franklin, Georgia, Ga. Sch. Tech., Hanover, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, 
Iowa, Iowa State College, Iowa Wesleyan, Kansas, Kentucky State, 
Knox, Lafayette, Lehigh, Lombard, McGill, Mercer, Miami, Michigan, 
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, North- 
western, Ohio, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Oklahoma, Oregon, Ore- 
gon State College, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania College, Pennsylvania 
State, Pittsburgh, Purdue, Randolph-Macon, South Dakota, South- 
western, Stanford, Swarthmore, Syracuse, Texas, Toronto, Tulane, 
Union, University of the South, Utah, Vanderbilt, Vermont, Virginia, 
Wabash, Washburn, Washington, Washington State, Washington State 
College, Washington and Jefferson, Washington and Lee, Westmin- 
ster, Whitman, Williams, Wisconsin— 85. 24,000-2500-800. 

Argent and Azure. White Carnation. 

The Scroll— 1S75. 
The Palladium— 1894 

PHI EPSILON PI— November 23, 1903— Ala. Pol. Inst, Brown, Car- 
negie, C. C. N. Y., Columbia, Connecticut, Cornell, Dickinson, Georgia, 
Ga. Sch. Tech., Maine, New York, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, 
Pittsburgh, Rhode Island, Rutgers, Syracuse, Tufts, Virginia — 20. 
1,000-400-175. 

Purple and Gold. None. 

Phi Epsilon Pi Quarterly — 1915, 

PHI GAMMA DELTA— April 22, 1848— Alabama, Allegheny, Amherst, 
Brown, Bucknell, California, Chicago, Colgate, Colorado, Colorado 
College, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Denison, De Pauw, Hanover, 
Illinois, Illinois Wesleyan, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State College, Johns 
Hopkins, Kansas, Knox, Lafayette, Lehigh, Maine, Mass. Inst. Tech., 
Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio State, Ohio 
Wesleyan, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania College, 
Pennsylvania State, Pittsburgh, Purdue, Richmond, Rutgers, Stanford, 



Academic Fraternities 175 

Syracuse, Tennessee, Texas, Trinity, Union, University of the South, 
Virginia, Wabash, Washington State, Washington and Jefferson, Wash- 
ington and Lee, Western Reserve, William Jewell, Williams, Wiscon- 
sin, Wittenberg, Worcester, Yale— 63. 18,000-2000-700. 

Royal Purple. Heliotrope. 

Phi Gamma Delta — 1879. 

PHI KAPPA PSI— February 19, 1852— Allegheny, Amherst, Beloit, 
Brown, Bucknell, California, Case, Chicago, Colgate, Colorado, Colum- 
bia, Cornell, Dartmouth, De Pauw, Dickinson, Franklin and Marshall, 
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State College, Johns Hopkins, Kansas, 
Lafayette, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Northwestern, 
Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 
State, Pennsylvania College, Purdue, Stanford, Swarthmore, Syracuse, 
Texas, Vanderbilt, Virginia, Washington and Jefferson, Washington 
and Lee, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wittenberg — 
47. 16,000-1000-400. 

Dark Red and Dark Green. Jacqueminot Rose. 

The Shield— WS, 
Mys tic Frie n d — 1911. 

PHI KAPPA SIGMA— October 19, 1850— Alabama, Armour, Califor- 
nia, Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, Dickinson, Franklin and Marshall, 
Ga. Sch. Tech., Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Mass. Inst. Tech., Michigan, 
Minnesota, Northwestern, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, Purdue, 
Randolph-Macon, Richmond, Stanford, Tulane, Vanderbilt, Virginia, 
Washington State, Washington and Jefferson, Washington and Lee, 
West Virginia, Wisconsin— 30. 5000-600-200. 

Black and Gold. None. 

Phi Kappa Sigma News Letter — 1901. 

PHI SIGMA KAPPA— March 15, 1873— Brown, California, C. C. N. 
Y., Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Franklin and Marshall, George 



176 Academic Fraternities 

Washington, Illinois, Iowa State College, Lehigh, Maryland, Mass. Agr. 
Col.y Mass. Inst. Tech., Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, Pennsylvania, 
Pennsylvania State College, Stevens, St. John*s, St. Lawrence, Swarth- 
more, Union, Virginia, West Virginia, Williams, Wisconsin, Worces- 
ter, Yale— 30. 4500-750-300. 

Silver and Magenta Red. None. 

Signet— 1903. 

PI KAPPA ALPHA— March 1, 1868— Alabama Polytechnic, Arkansas, 
Beloit, Birmingham- Southern, California, Cincinnati, Cornell, David- 
son, Emory, Florida, Ga. Sch. Tech., Georgetown (Ky.), Hampden-Sid- 
ney, Howard, Illinois, Iowa State College, Kansas, Kansas State Col- 
lege, Kentucky, Louisiana, Millsaps, Missouri, Mo. Sch. Mines, New 
Mexico, New York, North Carolina, N. C. A. & M. C, N. Ga. A. C, 
Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon State College, Pennsylvania State, Rich- 
mond, Rutgers, Southern Methodist, Southwestern, Southwestern 
Presbyterian, Syracuse, Tennessee, Texas, Transylvania, Trinity (N. 
C), Tulane, Utah, Virginia^ Washington and Lee, Washington, Wash- 
ington State, Western Reserve, William and Mary, Wisconsin — 51. 
5000-1100-400. VO^wC J^-^p..^ 

Garnet and Old Gold. Lily of the Valley. 

The Shield and Diamond — 1890. 

The Dagger and Key — 1900. 

PI KAPPA PHI— December 10, 1904— Alabama, California, Charleston, 
Emory, Georgia, Ga. Sch. Tech., Nebraska, North Carolina, Roanoke, 
Oglethorpe, Trinity, Wofford— 12. 900-250-100. 

Gold and White. Red Rose. 

Star and Lamp — 1909. 

PSI UPSILON— November 24, 1833— Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, Cali- 
fornia, Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Hamilton, Illinois, 
Kenyon, Lehigh, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania, 



Academic Fraternities 177 

Rochester, Syracuse, Trinity, Union, Washington State, Wesleyan, 
Williams, Wisconsin, Yale— 25. 15,000-600-250. 

Garnet and Gold. None. 

The Diamond — 1878. 

SIGMA ALPHA MU*— November 26, 1909— Alabama, Buffalo, C. C. 
N. Y., Columbia, Columbia Med. Dept., Cornell, Dickinson, Harvard, 
Illinois, Kentucky, Long Island Med. Col., McGill, Mass. Inst. Tech., 
Minnesota, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Syracuse, 
Toronto, Utah, Washington, Yale— 24. 2000-500-250. 

Purple and White. Violet. 

Octogonian — 1912. 

SIGMA ALPHA EPSILON— March 9, 1856— Adrian, Alabama, Ala. 
Pol. Tech. Inst., Allegheny, Arizona, Arkansas, Beloit, Bethel, Birming- 
ham-Southern, Boston, Bucknell, California, Carnegie, Case, Central, 
Chicago, Cincinnati, Colorado, Colorado State College, Colo. Sch. Mines, 
Columbia, Cornell, Cumberland, Dartmouth, Davidson, Denison, Den- 
ver, Dickinson, Emory, Florida, Franklin, George Washington, Georgia, 
Ga. Sch. Tech., Harvard, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State 
College, Kansas, Kansas State College, Kentucky, Lafayette, Louisiana, 
Maine, Mass. Inst. Tech., Mercer, Miami, Michigan, Millikin, Minneso- 
ta, Missouri, Montana, Mt Union, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, 
North Carolina, Northwestern, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Oklahoma, 
Oregon, Oregon State College, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania College, 
Pennsylvania State, Pittsbuugh, Purdue, South Carolina, South Da- 
kota, Southwestern Presbyterian, Stanford, St. Lawrence, St. Stephen's, 
Syracuse, Tennessee, Texas, Tulane, Union, University of the South, 
Vanderbilt, Virginia, Washington, Washington State, Washington State 
College, Washington and Lee, Wisconsin, Worcester, Wyoming — 91. 
24,000-2800-900. n^K^^^di^f'-^ Jtt,^CC tr^J^x^^^ 

Royal Purple and Old Gold. Minerva. Violet. 

The Record— \m). 
Phi Alpha— 1S92, 

*For Jewish students. 



178 Academic Fraternities 

SIGMA CHI— June 20, 1855— Alabama, Albion, Arkansas, Beloit, 
Brown, Bucknell, Butler, California, Case, Central, Chicago, Cincinnati, 
Colorado, Colorado College, Colorado State College, Columbia, Cornell, 
Dartmouth, Denison, De Pauw, Dickinson, George Washington, Geor- 
gia, Hobart, Illinois, Illinois Wesleyan, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State Col- 
lege, Kansas, Kentucky State, Lafayette, Lehigh, Maine, Mass. Inst. 
Tech., Miami, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Montana State 
College, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, North- 
western, Ohio State, Ohio Wesleyan, Oklahoma, Oregon, Oregon State 
Col., Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania College, Pennsylvania State, Pitts- 
burgh, Purdue, Southern California, Stanford, Syracuse, Tennessee, 
Texas, Trinity (N. C), Tulane, Utah, Vanderbilt, Virginia, Wabash, 
Washington, Washington State, Washington State College, Washing- 
ton and Lee, West Virginia, Wisconsin— 73-20,000-1600-700. 

Blue and Gold. White Rose. 

The Sigma Chi Quarterly — 1881. 

The Sigma Chi Bulletin — 1887. 

SIGMA NU— January 1, 1869— Alabama, Alabama Polytechnic, Al- 
bion, Arizona, Arkansas, Bethany, Bowdoin, Brown, California, Car- 
negie, Case, Chicago, Colgate, Colorado, Colorado State College, Colo. 
Sch. Mines, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Delaware, De Pauw, Dru- 
ry, Emory, George Washington, Georgia, Ga. Sch. Tech., Howard, Ida- 
ho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa State College, Kansas, Kansas State 
College, Kentucky State, Lafayette, Lehigh, Lombard, Louisiana, Maine, 
Maryland, Mercer, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mo. Sch. Mines, 
Montana, Mt. Union, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, N. C. A. & 
M. C, N. Ga. A. C, Northwestern, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon, 
Oregon State College, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, Purdue, Rose 
Polytechnic, South Carolina, Stanford, Stetson, Stevens, Syracuse, 
Texas, Trinity, Tulane, Vanderbilt, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, 
Washington State, Washington State College, Washington and Lee, 
Wesleyan, Western Reserve, West Virginia, William Jewell, Wiscon- 
sin— 82. 15,000-3000-1200. 

Black, White and Gold. White Rose. 

Delta of Sigma Nu—1883. 



Academic Fraternities 179 

SIGMA PHI— March 4, 1827— California, Cornell, Hamilton, Hobart, 
Lehigh, Michigan, Union, Vermont, Williams, Wisconsin — 10 3000- 
200-75. 

Light Blue and White. None. 

SIGMA PHI EPSILON— November 1, 1901— Alabama Polytechnic, 
Arkansas, Baker, Brown, California, Colorado, Colorado State College, 
Cornell, Dartmouth, Delaware, Denver, Ga. Sch. Tech., George Wash- 
ington, Kansas State College, Illinois, Illinois (Med. Col.), Iowa, Iowa 
State College, Iowa Wesleyan, Lawrence, Lehigh, Mass. Agr. Col., 
Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, N. C. A. & M. C, 
Norwich, Ohio Northern, Ohio State, Oregon State College, Pennsyl- 
vania, Purdue, Randolph-Macon, Richmond, Syracuse, Tennessee, Trin- 
ity (N. C), Virginia, Va. Mil. Inst., Washington State College, Wash- 
ington and Lee, West Virginia, William and Mary— 45. 3000-1000-400. 

Purple and Red. American Beauty and Violet. 

Sigma Phi Epsilon Journal — 1904. 

SIGMA PI— 1897— California, Cornell, Franklin and Mlarshall, Illinois, 
Iowa, Kenyon, Ohio, Ohio Northern, Ohio State, Pennsylvania, Penn- 
sylvania State, Purdue, Tulane, Utah— 14. 2500-350-100. 

Lavender and White. Orchid. 

The Emerald — 1911. 

TAU KAPPA EPSILON— January 10, 1899— Beloit, California, Car- 
roll, Chicago, Coe, Eureka, Illinois, Illinois Wesleyan, Iowa State Col- 
lege, Knox, Millikin, Minnesota, Washington, Wisconsin — 14. 700- 
350-100. "-l/VWCJr^Ypv^ 

Cherry and Gray. Pearl. Red Carnation. 

The Teke—\90^. 

THETA CHI— April 10, 1856— Alabama Polytechnic, California, Col- 
gate, Cornell, Dickinson, Florida, Hampden-Sidney, Illinois, Maine, 



180 Academic Fraternities 

Mass. Agr. Col., Mass. Inst. Tech., Michigan, New Hampshire, New 
York, North Carolina, N. D. Agr. Col., Norwich, Oregon State Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State, Pittsburgh, Purdue, Rensse- 
laer, Rhode Island, Richmond, Rochester, Stanford, Virginia, Wiscon- 
sin, Worcester— 30. 4,000-900-300. 

Red and White. Ruby. None. 

The Rattle— 1911. 

THETA DELTA CHI— June 5, 1848— Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, Cali- 
fornia, C. C. N. Y., Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, George Washington, 
Hamilton, Hobart, Illinois, Iowa, Lafayette, Lehigh, Mass. Inst. Tech., 
McGill, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Rochester, Stanford, To- 
ronto, Tufts, Virginia, Washington State, William and Mary, Williams, 
Wisconsin— 29. 6000-700-250. 

Black, White and Blue. Ruby. Minerva. Red Carnation. 

The Shield— 1884. 

ZETA BETA TAU*— December 29, 1898— Boston, Brooklyn Polytech- 
nic, Case, C. C. N. Y., Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Illinois, 
Louisiana, McGill, Mass. Inst. Tech., Michigan, Missouri, New York, 
Ohio State, Pennsylvania, Southern California, Syracuse, Tulane, Union, 
Vanderbilt, Virginia, Western Reserve— 24. 2000-500-225. 
Light Blue and White. None. 

ZETA PSI — 1847 — Bowdoin, Brown, California, Case, Colby, Colum- 
bia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Illinois, Lafayette, McGill, Michigan, Minne- 
sota, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rutgers, Stanford, 
Syracuse, Toronto, Tufts, Virginia, Washington State, Wisconsin, 
Williams, Yale— 26. 8000-550-250. 

White. White Carnation. 

The Circle— 1910. 

*For Jewish students. 



MONTHLY STUDY TOPICS 



October Inception of the Sorority Idea. Phi Beta Kappa and its 
successors ; types ; educational opportunities for women ; 
rise of sorority; causes; centers of activity; types. 

November Extension. 1870-1885; 1885-1900; 1900-1910; open and 
closed fields; voting privileges in different sororities; ad- 
vantages and disadvantages of long, short, compact, scat- 
tered, sectional rolls ; conservatism vs. expansion ; univer- 
sity vs. college. 

December Standards. Governmental ; A. C. A. ; S. A. C. W. ; Phi Beta 
Kappa; Phi Kappa Phi; Carnegie Foundation; other agen- 
cies at work; pressing need for a definite and fair crite- 
rion. 

January Government. Supreme governing body ; usual council ; 
variations in numbers and elections; advantages and dis- 
advantages in long term and tenure ; present tendencies ; 
salaried officers ; central office. 

February Publications. Usual; special; contemporaneous fraternity 
and sorority magazines ; finance ; life subscriptions. 

March The Alumnae Movement. History; duty owed by sorority; 

advantages; national prestige; financial security; conven- 
tion representation; obligations and privileges of alumnae 
associations. 

April The Chapter House Movement. Advantages and disad- 

vantages localty and elsewhere; finance; methods used by 
other fraternities and sororities ; ownership ; house rules ; 
chaperons. 

May Panhellenism. History; growth; ideals; National Pan- 

hellenic; city Panhellenics ; college Panhellenics ; local 
rules; rules elsewhere; sophomore pledging; compulsory, 
voluntary; net gains to date; men's movement. 



182 Addenda 

ADDENDA 



Addenda 183 

ADDENDA 



184 Addenda 

ADDENDA 



INDEX 

Page 

The Higher Education of Women 7 

The Evolution of the Sorority System 15 

Standards 21 

Government 26 

Publications 27 

Alumnae Associations 30 

Chapter Houses 34 

Panhellenism 34 

The Congress of Fraternities 35 

The Inter-Sorority Conferences 36 

The Inter-Sorority Congresses 40 

The Mission of the Sorority 43 

Academic Sororities 

Alpha Chi Omega 59 

Alpha Delta Pi 60 

Alpha Epsilon Phi 62 

Alpha Gamma Delta 63 

Alpha Omicron Pi 64 

Alpha Phi 65 

Alpha Xi Delta 67 

Chi Omega 68 

Delta Delta Delta 70 

Delta Gamma 72 

Delta Zeta 73 



186 Index 

Academic Sororities — Continued Page 

Gamma Phi Beta 74 

Kappa Alpha Theta 76 

Kappa Delta 77 

Kappa Kappa Gamma 79 

Phi Mu 80 

Pi Beta Phi 81 

Sigma Kappa 83 

Theta Phi Alpha 84 

Zeta Tau Alpha 85 

Professional Sororities 

Alpha Epsilon Iota 87 

Alpha Sigma Alpha 88 

Delta Omega 89 

Delta Omicron 90 

Delta Sigma Epsilon 91 

Kappa Beta Pi 92 

Nu Sigma Phi 93 

Phi Delta Delta 93 

Pi Kappa Sigma 94 

Sigma Alpha Iota 95 

Sigma Sigma Sigma 97 

Zeta Phi 98 

Junior College Sororities 

Beta Sigma Omicron 99 

Eta Upsilon Gamma 100 

Sigma Iota Chi 101 

Necrology of Chapters 103 



Index 187 

Page 

Honorary Societies 107 

History of Phi Beta Kappa 108 

Alpha Omega Alpha 113 

Kappa Delta Pi 113 

Mu Phi Epsilon 114 

Phi Beta Kappa 115 

Phi Kappa Phi 117 

Pi Lambda Theta 118 

Sigma Xi 119 

Theta Sigma Phi 120 

The Association of Collegiate Alumnae 121 

Southern Association of College Women 123 

The Carnegie Foundation 125 

Statistical Data 126 

Men''s Academic Fraternities 168 

Monthly Study Topics 181 

Addenda 182 



TV 



i(904 , 



I 




v^^ . 
















O 'if. 









' « ^ ^-<.^ 






%.^^ 








v>^-": 



'' '', 



'^. 



^^ 






^ « . ^ -^ \^ S - * 
















X o 

■ * : N ^ ^^^ 









^v 






O A\ 



